URBANIZATION A PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

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1. URBANIZATION A PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. A Circumstances STUDY OF ENUGU STATE 2. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADULT EDUCATION GRADUATES IN ENUGU STATE NIGERIA. 3. EMPLOYMENT WELFARE Calendar IN NIGERIA A Circumstances STUDY OF NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATIONLIMITED ( NITEL ) 4. THE Growing OF INDIGENOUS FIRMS IN NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS: ( A Position STUDY OF AJAOKUTA STEEL COMPANY LIMITED IN KOGI STATE ) 5. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PREREQUISITE FOR HIGH PRODUCTIVITY ( A Plight STUDY OF BEECHAM PLC ) 6. THE Results OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS ( A Case STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO Deportment OF NIGERIA ENUGU ) 7. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY ( A Plight STUDY OF ESUT, ENUGU ) 8. THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS System ( A Circumstances STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE ) 9. STRATEGIESOF PROMOTING PRODUCTIVITY IN CIVIL SERVICE ( A Situation STUDY OF ENUGU STATE CIVIL SERVICES COMMISSION ) 10. MAN - POWER TRAINING AS AN Sustain TO MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS ENTERPRISES ( A Event STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU ) 11. THE Impact OF FOREIGN DIRECT Pet project ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY ( A Occasion STUDY OF NBC PLC ENUGU ) 12. THE PROBLEMS OF HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION IN HIGHER Framework ( A Situation STUDY OF IMT, ENUGU STATE ) 13. SOLVING UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM, THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF Picayune SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NKANU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF ENUGU STATE 14. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS IN MULTI - CAMPUSES IN HIGHER INSTTUTION OF LEARNNG AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS ( A Case STUDY OF I. M. T ENUGU ). 15. AN EVALUATION OF Tidiness CHANNEL IN THE LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF PETROLEUM Produce ( A Plight STUDY OF OANDO PLC ENUGU ) 16. FACTORS MILITATING Lambaste HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT. ( A situation study of Enugu North Local government ) 17. Pressure OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON OPERATIONS OF NON State Configuration. ( A Circumstances STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU. 18. THE Results OF Training ON THE MANPOWER NEEDS IN NIGERIA. ( A Case STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 19. LOGISTIC OF Succession SYSTEM IN BREWERIES ( A Situation STUDY OF GLODEN GUINEA BREWERIER COMPANY ) 20. Go MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR A Event STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENUGU 21. THE Impact OF INDUSTRIAL Spot ON MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY ( A event study of Enugu State Douse Affair ) 22. PROBLEMS Differing STUDENTS OF HIGH Symmetry OF LEARNING AND THEIR SOLUTION. ( A Position STUDY OF ABSU ) 23. AN Account FOR THE LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC CORPORATIONS IN NIGERIA. A Circumstances STUDY OF NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY NEPA, ENUGU ZOANL OFFICE. 24. TRADE UNIONISM AND ITS Mastery ON MANAGEMENT POLICIES IMPLEMENTATION ( Event STUDY OF LIFE BREWERIES PLC ONITSHA ) 25. ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM Originate AND MANAGEMENT IN THE SOFT DRINK INDUSTRY ( A Case STUDY OF LIMCA BOTTLING PLANT OKIGWE ) 26. THE CAUSES OF FAILURES AMONG SOME MANAGERS IN BUSINESS Chemistry. A Situation STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIG. PLC ENUGU. 27. THE Impression OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING IN EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF PARASTATAL ( A Situation STUDY OF NIGERIA RAILWAY Transaction EASTERN DIVISION ENUGU ) 28. A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE STRATEGIES OF EXPORTATION OF Untrue IN NIGERIA GOODS IS A TOPIC CHOSEN FROM MARKETING FIELD. 29. THE ROLE OF MARKETING STRATEGY IN Something CONSUMER PURCHASING Street ( A Event STUDY OF GUINESS NIGERIA PLC ) 30. conflict as an composition life 31. THE Effect OF Sweet tooth / WELFARE Machinations ON THE PERFORMANCE OF Set ( A Case STUDY OF NEPA ENUUG ) 32. SURVIVAL STRATEGY Thing BY Meager SCALE RETAIL OUTLET IN NIGERIA. ( A Case STUDY OF ROBAN SUPERMARKET G. R. A. ENUGU ) 33. MANPOWER PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AS A TOOL FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY ( A Event STUDY OF FLOURMILL EMENE ENUGU ) 34. THE IMAPCT OF STAFF CUSTOMER Correlation ON ORGANIZATIONAL Carbon ( A Situation STUDY OF UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA ( UBA ) PLC ) 35. STOCK MANAGEMENT IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY. A Circumstances STUDY OF ROYAL PALACE HOTEL ENUGU 36. THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY ( A Plight STUDY OF NIGERIAN ASSOCIATION OF Cramped - SCALE INDUSTRIALISTS ( NASSI ) ENUGU STATE CHAPTER ) 37. THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF VALUE Extended TAX ( VAT ) ( A Case STUDY IN ENUGU STATE ) 38. THE PURPOSE AND USE OF MANAGEMENT CONSULTNCY FIRM IN NIGERIA ( A Plight STUDY OF ONITSHA SOUTH ( L. G. A ) IN ANAMBRA STATE ) 39. SURVEY ON THE Choice OF ESTABLISHING LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING INDUSTRY IN IMT ENUGU A RESEARCH PAPER 40. STRESS AND FRUSTRATION AMONG NIGERIAN BUSINESS MANAGERS. ( A Circumstances STUDY OF STAR PAPER MILLS NIG. LTD ABA, ABIA STATE ) 41. EMPLOYEE Judgment IN Settlement MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL Devoir ( A Occasion STUDY OF IMT ) 42. PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT OF Small-scale SCALE INDUSTRY ( A Situation STUDY OF FARMER IN UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE ) 43. THE EMPLOYMENT CREATION POTENTIALS OF Pint-sized SCALE BUSINESS IN ANOCHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE 44. MANAGING INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE ( A Situation STUDY OF ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ( ESUT ) ENUGU ) 45. THE ROLE OF Inconsiderable - SCALE INDUSTRIES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA 46. AN EVALUATION OF Control STYLES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEE Approach ( A Occasion STUDY OF NDE ENUGU ) 47. THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS AND SOCIAL RASPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS Gear ( A Event STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC ENUGU ) 48. TRADE FAIR AS AN INSTRUMENT OF Advancement SALES IN BUSINESS Make-up. A Situation STUDY OF EMILY MILLIONAIRE INDUSTRY LIMITED, ENUGU. 49. RECRUITMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES IN ORGANIZATIONS AND COMPANIES ( A Situation STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCATING SERVICE ( ESBS ) 50. ENTREPRENEURSHIP Function IN Minuscule - SCALE INDUSTRIES ( A Situation STUDY MACON ' S BAKERY INDUSTRY ENUGU ) 51. EXPORTATION OF - Mythical IN NIGERIA - GOODS AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIA ECONOMY 52. APPRAISING THE FINANCIAL Superintendence APPROACHES IN NIGERIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM ( A Case STUDY OF ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 53. THE Impression OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ON BANK LENDING DECISIONS. ( A Occasion STUDY OF STANDARD TRUST BANK PLC, ENUGU ) 54. THE ECONOMIC Sequence OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON THE NIGERIA ECONOMY ( A Occasion STUDY OF NNEWI NORTH L. G. A. IN ANAMBRA STATE ) 55. THE ROLE OF TRADE FAIRS IN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: A Plight STUDY OF ENUGU INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR 56. Philanthropy OF Cramped - SCALE BUSINESS TO NATIONAL ECONOMIC Augmentation AND DEVELOPMENT ( A Occasion STUDY OF SELECTED BAKERIES IN ENUGU URBAN ) 57. MANAGING A CO - OPERATIVE SOCIETY AS Little BUSINESS Enterprise, A Position STUDY OF A CO - OPERATIVE SOCIETY SUPERMARKET, OJI - RIVER 58. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA ( A Position STUDY OF ENUGU STATE TRANSPORT COMPANY LIMITED ) 59. ANALYZING ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ENUGU URBAN 60. COMMUNICATION A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT ( Case STUDY OF THE STAR PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY LIMITED ENUGU ) 61. CHM ENGR ) PRODUCTION OF PLANT Follow USING LOCAL Crude MATERIAL 62. CONSUMERISM IN NIGERIA ( THE ROLE OF NAFDAC AND APOCN ) 63. EMPLOYEE Strife IN Outcome MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL Itch A Occasion STUDY 64. AN ANAYSIS OF THE USES AND ABUSES OF PUBLIC RELATION IN MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED NIGERIA BUSINESS Running 65. EFFICIENT CORPORATE Appearance MANAGEMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING PROFITABILITY. ( A Plight STUDY OF PHINOMAR NIG. LTD. NGWO ) 66. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA A Event STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC. 67. THE Impact OF SUPERVISOR ON EFFECTIVE BANK MANAGEMENT ( A Situation STUDY OF UNITED BANK OF AFRICAN PLC ( U. B. A ) STATION ROAD ENUGU ) 68. the Corollary of Cost Jurisdiction on Profit Aggrandizement ( A Position Study of Nigeria Bag Manufacturing Company ) Plc, Iganmu Lagos State 69. TRAINING DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION AS A MEANS OF BOOSTING EMPLOYEE Complex IN AN Composition A Situation STUDY OF CADBURY NIGERIA PLC LAGOS 70. EFFECTS OF PENSION Ploys ON THE NIGERIAN Line-up ( A Situation STUDY OF ENUGU STATE ) 71. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCES OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE Ornament OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN ENUGU STATE ( A Event STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 72. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS Under obligation FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY OF NIGERIA Foursome IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR ( A Situation STUDY OF NBL 9TH MILE CORNERS NGWO ) 73. GOODWILL MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN BUSINESS Conformation A Occasion STUDY OF PHINOMAR FEEDS NIG. LTD NGWO 74. THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN ENUGU STATE. ( A Circumstances STUDY OF ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 75. Management STRUCTURE AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT ( A Occasion STUDY OF INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ) ENUGU 76. ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS Nondiscriminatory AND THEIR ACCOMPLISHMENT THROUGH EFFECTIVE COST Clout ( A Circumstances STUDY OF Tarn CONCRETE INDUSTRIES LIMITED, ENUGU STATE ) 77. THE End product OF Monetary Wish ON Company PERFORMANCES IN NIGERIA Planning ( A Situation STUDY OF IMT ENUGU ) 78. THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL Gain ( A Circumstances STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND ENUGU AREA OFFICE ) 79. MOTIVATION A SUCCESS Item IN Structuring ( A Circumstances STUDY OF ANAMMCO NIGERIA LIMITED ) 80. THE Impression OF Motive ( WELFARE SCHEME ) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF String: A Position STUDY OF NEPA PLC ENUGU, ENUGU STATE 81. THE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS IN NIGERIA ( A Circumstances STUDY OF HOTEL PRESIDENTIAL ENUGU ) 82. MANAGEMENT OF CRISES IN AN Organizing. ( A Plight STUDY OF ANAMMCO PLC EMENE ENUGU ) 83. THE PROBLEMS OF FINANCING A Teensy SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA A Event STUDY OF GARRI PROCESSING INDUSTRY ABAKPA NIKE ENUGU 84. EMPLOYEE Reality IN Settlement MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL Weakness ( A Circumstances STUDY OF NEAP, ENUGU DISTRICT ) 85. CHEM ENGR ) ANALYSIS OF CRUDE PALM OIL 86. THE Effect OF EMPLOYEES Actuality IN Declaration MAKING AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY ( A Event STUDY OF ANAMMCO COMPANY ENUGU ) 87. TAXATION AS A Larger SOURCE OF GOVERNMENT FUNDING ( A Plight Study of the Enugu State Board of Internal Revenue ). 88. IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND Makeup THROUGH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ( A Case STUDY OF ENUGU STATE Water Matter ). 89. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF STUDENT HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION PROBLEM IN THE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ( I. M. T. ) ENUGU. 90. CHEM ENGR ) DESULPHURISATION KEROSENE 91. THE IMPORTANCE OF Ethicality AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TO BUSINESS Coordination ( A Circumstances STUDY OF UNION BANK PLC. ) 92. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN A CORPORATE Tackle ( A Circumstances STUDY OF NITEL PLC ENUGU ) 93. EMPLOYEE Savoir-faire IN Sentence MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL Charge ( A Case STUDY OF I. M. T ) 94. COMMUNICATION AS A Uppermost TOOL IN Manoeuvring FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT ( A Event STUDY OF NIPOST Unity, ENUGU ) 95. Register VALUATION MANAGEMENT AND Restriction IN MANUFACTURING Tackle. 96. THE EFECT OF UNCONTROLABLE IMPORTATION ON INDEGINEOUS INDUSTRIES ( A Case STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC ) 97. PROMOTING PRODUCTIVITY IN CIVIL SERVICE ( A Position STUDY OF ENUGU STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION ) 98. THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE IN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 99. MANAGEMENT AND Useable PROBLEMS OF RURAL Wet SUPPLY IN NIGERIA ( A Circumstances STUDY OF Drool Charge ENUGU ) 100. GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND Power OF BUSINESS IN A DEVELOPING ECONOMY ( A Event STUDY OF SUNRISE FLOUR MILLS NI. LTD. ) 101. THE Issue OF INCENTIVES ON JOB PERFORMANCE IN DANNIC HOTELS LIMITED ENUGU STATE 102.. THE EFFECTS OF Ungovernable IMPORTATION IN INDEGINOUS INDUSTRIES. ( A Occasion STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC ) 103. EFFECTIVE MOTIVATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND PRODUCTIVITY IN GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS, ( A Case STUDY OF IMO STATE HEALTH MANAGEMENT BOARD ) 104. THE ROLE OF Inconsiderable SCALE INDUSTRIES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT ( A Position STUDY OF ANAMBRA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT ) 105. A STUDY ON THE STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN BUSINESS ORGANISAITONS IN NIGERIA ( A STUDY OF SOME SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ENUGU STATE ) 106. THE Impact OF STRIKE Vivacity IN THE ACHIEVMENT OF TRADE UNION AIMS IN AN Standard ( A Situation STUDY OF NIGERIA NION OF TEACHERS ( Stone ) ENUGU ) 107. AN APPRAISAL OF THE CURRENT Definition OF PRIVATISATION OF NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED ( NITEL ) ( A Position STUDY OF ENUGU ZONAL DISTRICT ) 108. THE PROBLEMS OF DEBT MANAGEMENT IN FINACIAL Alignment. ( A Situation STUDY OF UNION BANK PLC GARDEN Road ENUGU ) 109. THE Effect OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERAI FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY ( A Occasion STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA ). 110. THE MARKETING / Harmony OF STULE FOOD IN ENUGU A Case STUDY OF OGBETE MEANMARKET 111. THE ROLE OF Aggregation IN SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT ( A Situation STUDY OF CENTRAL HOSPITAL AGBOR DELTA STATE ) 112. THE ROLE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN ENHANCING INDUSTRIAL Cooperation. ( A Event STUDY OF COTTON MILLS ONITSHA ) 113. FUNCTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT AGENCIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRENUERSHIP IN ENUGU STATE. ( A Situation STUDY OF NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF EMPLOYMENT ( N. D. E ) 114. USE OF MANPOWER Inspection FOR EFFICIENT MAN POWER PLANNING ( A Situation STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE ) 115. EFFECTS OF PERSONNEL POLICIES ON Configuration Faculty ( A Plight STUDY OF ANAMMCO LTD. EMENE ENUGU ) 116. Impoverished MANAGEMENT IN AN Methodology CAUSES, EFFECTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTION ( A Occasion STUDY OF NTA ENUGU ) 117. THE Results OF FOREIGN Chief IN ENTERPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA ( A Occasion STUDY OF IMO STATE ) 118. PRODUCT PLANNING Symmetry AND MANAGEMENT ( A Circumstances STUDY OF THE NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY ' S PLC, ENUGU. 119. THE Results OF HUMAN RELATIONS SKILL ON THE Talent OF THE OFFICE Manager 120. THE Influence OF THE PRESS IN SHAPING NIGERIAN POLITICAL STRUCTURE A Occasion STUDY OF ENUGU STATE 121. ANALYSING DEBT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA. ( A Situation STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, ENUGU ) 122. Sequel AND EVALUATION OF Management STYLES AND ITS EFFICIENCY ( A Position STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA PLC ENUGU STATE ) 123. THE CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS Machinery ( A Plight STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE ) 124. THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY BANK IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA 125. THE PROBLEM OF MANAGING Diminutive - SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA. ( A Plight STUDY OF EBERSON COMPANY NIGERIA LIMITED ) 126. THE PRACTICE OF STAFF SELECTION AND INDUCTION IN UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ( A Event STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ) 127. ANALYSING DEBT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA. ( A Occasion STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, ENUGU ) 128. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF JUNIOR STAFF IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS ( A Case STUDY OF NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY ( N. E. P. A ) ENUGU DISTRICT OFFICE ) 129. PROBLEMS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN ENUGU STATE GOVERNMENT PAPA STATES ( A Event STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE ( ESBS ) ENUGU ) 130. THE Contact OF STRIKE Vigor IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TRADE UNION AIMS IN AN Composition ( A Event STUDY OF NIGERIA UNION OF TEACTERS ( Nut ) ENUGU STATE ). 131. THE Impression OF THE TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ( TQM ) ON PRODUCTIVITY ( A Occasion STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK, LTD OWERRI ) 132. PEROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY FEMALE SECRETARIES IN BUSINESS Gear A ( Occasion STUDY OF NEPA ). 133. THE Effect OF Cash Urge ON Gear PERFORMANCE ( A Event STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC ENUGU ) 134. THE Response OF Adroit PLANNING ON Organisation PRODUCTIVITY ( A Circumstances STUDY OF THE NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC EASTERN REGION ) 135. The root causes of the problems in the private company a event study of Ekene Dili Chukwu Transport Ltd 136. THE EFFECTS OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON YESTERDAY ' S SECRETARIES ( A STUDY OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS ). 137. THE Reaction OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BUSINESS Alignment IN ENUGU STATE ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENE RICE MILLING COMPANY ). 138. AN EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN GUARDIAN NEWSPAPER LTD, LAGOS 139. THE ROLE OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY IMT ENUGU STATE ) 140. WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF EKU IN ETHIOPE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE ) 141. THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN POLYTECHNICS ( A CASE STUDY OF OUR SAVIOUR INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ) ENUGU. 142. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY AS A MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ( A CASE STUDY OF UNILEVER NIGERIA PLC ENUGU DEPOT, ENUGU - STATE ) 143. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN BANKING OPERATION \ ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU MAIN BRANCH ) 144. CAUSES OF INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA. 145. THE ROLE OF RETAILING BUSINESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF CITY GIFT SUPERMARKET ENUGU ) 146. THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION GAP IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL GOAL. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY ONITSHA. ) 147. THE ROLE OF SMALL INDUSTRIES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA ( CASE STUDY OFREDIMA SACHET WATER ) 148. THE EFFECT OF PRIVATILATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION ON NIGERIA ECONOMY 149. MOTIVATION AS A MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WORKERS ( A CASE STUDY OF ENTRACO LIMITED ENUGU ) 150. MANAGEMENT PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF HOTELS ( A CASE STUDY OF ROYAL PALACE HOTELS LTD ENUGU ) 151. ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS PUBLIC UTILITIES. ( A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY FORMERLY CALLED NEPA ) 152. THE APPRAISAL OF MAN POWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU 153. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE ( A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY PLC ) 154. THE IMPACT OF FUEL SCARCITY ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY ( A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENUGU METROPOLIS AREA ) 155. FUEL DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ( A CASE STUDY OF NNPC ENUGU DEPOT ) 156. INVEMTORY VALUATION AS AN AID TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF TEA - TIME PORTED INDUSTRY ENUGU ) 157. THE EFFECT OF FUEL CRISES IN NIGERIAN ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE ) 157. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF WATER CORPORATION AWKA ) 158. THE EFFECT OF POOR MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE OWNER ESTABLISHMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF POWERFUL LIMITED ENUGU STATE ) 159. THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TO A BUSINESS ORGANISATION 160. THE NEED FOR IMPROVED CUSTOMER SERVICES IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA ENUGU MAIN BRANCH ) 161 THE IMPACT OF PERSONNEL SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU ). 162. THE IMPACT OF CO - OPERATIVE ORGANIZATION ( MULTI PURPOSE ) IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ENUGU STATE. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 163. EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF MARKETING CONCEPT IN BANK SERVICE ( A CASE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL BANK IN ENUGU ) 164. THE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTS AND MEAN OF CREATING AWARENESS ON RADIO AND TELEVISION FOR BEVERAGES [A CASE STUDY OF MILO FOOD DRINKS] 165. AN APPRAISAL OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CONSUMER CHOICE FOR CIGARETTE BRANDS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS 166 PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ( A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED PRIVATE BUSINESS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 167. AN EFFECTIVE MANAGERIAL CONTROL - A GIVE TO ORGANISATIONAL CONTROL. ( A CASE STUDY OF EMNITE NIG. LTD ). 168. THE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND REMEDIES OF ORGANISATION CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL. [A CAUSE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL ( [UNTH ) ENUGU] 169. THE CAUSE OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS FAILURES IN NIGERIA AND ITS REMEDIES. ( ACASE STUDY OF ENUGU ) 170. THE PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF ALPHA PAPER MILL LTD. OGIDI ) 171. STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SCARCITY IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE ) 172. THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION IN IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF ANCCOR FOODS AND PACKAGING NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU 173. THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK NIGERIA PLC, ENUGU BRANCH ). 174. MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE WITH EMPHASIS ON INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT AND SAFETY ( A CASE STUDY OF NB PLC 9TH MILE CORNER ENUGU ) 175. THE CHALLENGES OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY ) 176. A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF TIMBER BUSINESS IN ENUGU STATE. A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU TIMBER DEALERS AND SAWERS ASSOCIATION KENYATA 177. FEASIBILITY OF DRINKING WATER BUSINESS IN CAMPUS III OF IMT ENUGU 178. THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON STAFF OVERALL PERFORMANCE IN THE CIVIL SERVICE ( A CASE STUDY ON MINISTRY OF EDUCATION - EBONYI ) 179. THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC 9TH MILE CORNER ENUGU ) 180. THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ENUGU. ) 181. THE GROWTH OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SOME SELECTED HIGHER INSTITUTION IN ENUGU METROPOLIS. 182. THE ISSUE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY A MUST TO NIGERIAN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF GUINNESS NIGERIA PLC ) 183. THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ) 184. THE EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN ENUGU METROPOLIS. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY 9TH MILE ENUGU. ) 185. THE IMPACT OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING IN EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF PARASTATALS ( A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY ENUGU STATE ) 186. ASSESSMENT OF THE CRITERIA FOR THE PROMOTION OF EMPLOYES IN ALO ALUMINIUM COMPANY. 187. THE IMPACT OF APPRENTICESHIP IN THE EXAMINATION OF MANPOWER IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS )

188. THE ROLE OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ON THE NIGERIA BREWERY INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERY INDUSTRY 9TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU 189. MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF INVENTORY IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION. ( A case study of S. I. O. and ALLIED INDUSTRIES LTD ASABA ) 190. ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS NIGERIAN MADE GOODS ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 191. THE EFFECTS OF FUEL CRISIS IN NIGERIA ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 192. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF MANGERS IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO LTD ENUGU 193. IMPROVING DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVENESS IN MARKETING OPERATION 194. STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA ( A STUDY OF ENUGU STATE ) 195. THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ON MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENTRACO ENUGU ) 196. THE EFFECT OF RECRUITMENTS, SELECTION AND PLACEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED INSURANCE FIRMS IN PORT HARCOURT 197. CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH L. G. A ) 198. THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE ) 199. PROBLEM AND PROSPECT OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISE IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF EZINIHITTE IN IMO STATE ) 200. THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BUSINESS ORGANIZATION IN ENUGU STATE ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENE RICE MILLING COMPANY ) 201. RETRENCHMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE MORAL OF WORKERS IN ENUGU STATE ( A CASE STUDY OF IMT ENUGU ) 202. THE EFFECT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS LIMITED ENUGU ) 203. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN A BUSINESS ORGANISATION 204. APPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF NIGERIA ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE LTD, EMENE, ENUGU ) 205. CHEM ENGR ) THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON CORROSION 206. EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURE IN NIGERIA BUSINESS ( CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC ENUGU ) 207. THE IMPACT OF MANPOWER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE OIL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED ) 208. THE IMPORTANCE OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR COST REDUCTION IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES, PLC 9TH MILE CORNER ) 209. THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION PROCESSES IN THE MAANGEMENT OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS ( A CASE STUDY OF NEPA, ENGU ) 210. INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT. ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO EMENE, ENUGU ) 211. THE IMPACT OF WELFARE SCHEME ON THE MOTIVATION OF WORKERS. [A CASE STUDY OF ( ESBS ) ENUGU] 212. TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH MASS TRANSIT 213. AN APPRAISAL OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A CASE STUDY OF MR. BIGGS OKPARA AVENUE ENUGU, ENUGU STATE 214. The effect of retrenchment on the moral of workers AND PRODUCTIVITY. ( A case study of federal radio corporation of Nigeria ( fRcn ) Enugu zone ) 215. HND MANAGEMENT OF FRAUD IN THE NIGERIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS. ( A SURVEY OF SELECTED BANKS IN NNEWI ) 216. THE EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC 9TH MILE PLANTED AT NSUDE ) 217. EFFECTS OF SELECTION PROCESS ON LABOUR TURNOVER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, 9TH MILE ENUGU ) 218. THE IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF NITEL ENUGU ) 219. THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT SUCCESSION IN AN ORGANISATION GOAL ATTAINMENT. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. ) 220. CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN PROGRAMME IN BROADCASTING ( A CASE STUDY OF - CHANNEL O ' PROGRAMME ON ENUGU RESIDENTS ) 221. THE NEED FOR STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN DELTA - STATE ( A CASE STUDY OF IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 222. THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, 9TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU ). 223. THE LATEST COMMUNICATION OFFICE EQUIPMENT AND THEIR EFFECT ON SECRETARIES PROFESSION ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC ( NB ) ENUGU 224. COMMUNICATION AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ) 225. THE IMPACT OF - MARKETING MIX - IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVE ( A CASE STUDY OF UNILEVER BROTHERS NIGERIA PLC ) 226. EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVE AND IT ' S APPLICATIONS IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC NEW MARKET ROAD, ONITSHA ). 227. EFFECTIVE INVENTORY CONTROL AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING AN ORGANIZATION IS PERFORMANCE. ( A CASE STUDY OF NBC PLC ) NINTH MILE CORNER, ENUGU 228. EFFECTS OF POOR MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE OWNED ESTABLISHMENT A CASE STUDY OF POWERFUL LIMITED ENUGU, ENUGU STATE 229. THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCIES ON SMALL SCALE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT. ( A CASE STUDY OF MACON BREAD INDUSTRY IN ENUGU STATE ). 230. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN COMMUNITY BANKING ( A CASE STUDY OF NNEBUIFE COMMUNITY BANK NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU ). 231. THE CAUSES AND IMPACT OF CONFLICT IN AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIGERIA PLC ENUGU ) 232. THE ROLE OF MANAGERS IN MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS. ( A CASE STUDY OF TOP RANK HOTELS INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT ENUGU ). 233. THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING AND CONTROL IN AN ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF GENERAL COTTON MILL LTD. ONITSHA, ANAMBRA STATE ) 234. IMPACT OF BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL ( A CASE STUDY OF MORRIS FERTILIZER COMPANY MINNA, NIGERIA STATE ) 235. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN PRIVATE SECTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY ( A CASE STUDY OF JUHEL AND HADIS & DROMEDAS NIGERIA LIMITED ) 236. THE USE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF NEWSPAPER ) 237. PUBLIC RELATION AS AN AID TO SUCCESSFUL GOVERNMENT BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICES ) 238. ADVERTISING: A SURVIVAL STRATEGY FOR MASS MEDIA ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA TELEVISION AUTHORITY, NTA, ENUGU ) 239. IFFERENCE IN WAGES AND SALARIES STRUCTURE IN THE NIGERIA ECONOMIC ( A CASE STUDY OF UNTH HEALTY SECTOR ) 240. THE IMPACT OF EXCHANG RATE FLUCTUATION IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NIGERIA. 241. MANAGING RURAL DEVELOPEMNT THROUGH INDUSTRILIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF AGWU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA0 242. THE USE OF THE COMMITTEES SYSTEM IN ORGANISATIONAL DECISION MAKING 243. SURVIVAL STRATEGY ADOPTION BY SMALL SCALE RETAIL OUTLET, IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF HERITAGE NIGERIA LIMITED, NEW HAEVEN ENUGU ) 244. MOTIVATION AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WORKER ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA PLC ) 245. survey of the effects of Human resources training and development in workers productivity 246. THE IMPACT OF FRINGE BENEFITS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WORERS IN HOTEL AND CATERING INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF ZODIAC HOTEL LTD ) 247. A critical appraisal of the strategies of exportation of made in Nigeria goods is a topic chosen from marketing field. 248. THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT STYLES ON WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY IN ENUGU STATE ( A CASE STUDY OF HOTEL PRESIDENTIAL ) 249. PROBLEM OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ABUJA ) 250. ND THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN MERCHANT BANK IN FINANCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE 251. CHEM ENGR ) PRODUCTION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS 252. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ITS IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO. ) 253. STAFF INDUCTION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR IMPROVING WORKERS ' EFFICIENCY ( A CASE STUDY OF MILO EXPRESS COMPANY, LAGOS ) 254. EMPLOYEE WELFARE PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA ( NITEL LIMITED ) 255. THE PROBLEMS OF INEFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANIZATION: ( A CASE STUDY OF VETCO GRAY NIGERIA LIMITED, PORT - HARCOURT 256. A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE STRATEGIES OF THE EXPORTATION OF MADE IN NIGERIA GOODS IS A TOPIC CHOSEN FROM MARKETING FIELD 257. THE ROLE OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATION. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED ENUGU ) 258. THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ON THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED GOVERNMENT PROSTRATES ( A CASE STUDY OF I. M. T. AND STAR PRINTING PUBLISHING COMPANY SPP. 259. THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS POLICY ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE 260. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING IN NIGERIA ( A CASE OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, ( IMT ) ENUGU ) 261. PRIVATIZATION OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS AS A PANACEA FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH ( A CASE STUDY OF NEPA ENUGU ) 262. AN APPRAISAL OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CONSUMER CHOICE FOR CIGARETTE BRANDS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS 263. THE EFFECTS OF BAD MANAGEMENT IN TODAY ' S SOCIETY ( A CASE STUDY OF ADAVHI PLASTIC COMPANY ABA, ABA METROPLIS ) 264 LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 265. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF BAD MANAGEMENT IN TODAY SOCEITY ( A CASE STUDY OF IKEMU PLASTIC INDUSTRY UMUOJI ANAMBRA ) 266. PROBLEMS OF INADEQUATE FUEL DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE ) 267. THE IMPLICATION OF PRIVATIZATION ON NIGERIA ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA NATIONAL PETROLEUM COMPANY NNPC ) 268. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC ONITSHA ) 269. PROBLEMS FACING STUDENTS IN HIGHER INSTITUTION [CASE STUDY OF I. M. T AND SUGGESTED WAYS OF SOLVING THEM. 270. ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT CAPABILITIES OF THE NIGERIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM ( A CASE STUDY OF IDEMILI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ). 271. THE ROLES OF MANAGEMENT, THE PROBLEMSAND PROSPECTS OF WORKERS IN PUBLIC SERVICES ( A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY, ENUGU ). 272. THE EFFECT OF UNCONTROLLABLE IMPORTATION IN OUR SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC ) 273. THE CONTRIBUTION OF OIL COMPANIES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORT HARCOURT LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND OGONI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN RIVER STATE 274. THE PROBLEM FACING COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANKS OF NIGERIA UNITED BANKS FOR AFRICAN AND AFRICAN BANK 275. EFFECTS OF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION ON THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED COMPAY IN IMO STATE 276. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WORKERS MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION. [A CASE OF STUDY OF ENUGU STATE TRANSPORT COMPANY ( ENTRACO ) ]. 277. PRICING STRATEGY IN A COMPETITIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF S. P. D. C. DELTA STATE WARRI ) 278. THE IMPACT OF SUPERVISION OF EFFECTIVE BANK MANAGEMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF UBA PLC, MAIN BRANCH, STATION ROAD, ENUGU ) 279. THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF GENERAL COTTON MILL ONITSHA ANAMBRA STATE ) 280. APPRAISAL OF INCOME TAX COLLECTION AND ANDMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE ( B. I. R ) ENUGU ) 281. THE EFFECT OF DUMPING HUMAN WASTE IN THE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY AND HOW TO SOLVE THEM 282. CHEM ENGR ) TEMPERATURE AND WATER REQUIREMENT FOR LEACHING OF CAUSTIC ALKALI FROM - NGU ' 283. THE PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN PERSONAL INCOME TAX ADMINISTRATION. ( A CASE STUDY OF MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ENUGU ) 284. THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN A MANUFACTURING FIRM ( A CASE STUDY OF AUTOSTAR GALLARY LIMITED, EMENE, ENUGU ) 285. CHEM ENGR ) PRODCUTION OF WOOD ADHESIVE 286. DIVIDEND POLICIES ( A CASE STUDY OF SOME QUOTED COMPANIES LISTED IN NIGERIA STOCK EXCHANGING ) 287. THE STRATEGIES FOR AVOIDANCE OF DISTRESS IN NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANK ( A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK PLC ENUGU ) 288. SENIOR MANAGEMENT RECRUITMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ) 289. THE CHALLENGES OF SECRETARIES WORKING IN FINANCIAL HOUSES ( A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC, ENUGU MAIN BRANCH ) 290. REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRO - BASED INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF SUNRISE FLOOR MILL EMENE ) 291 THE IMPACT OF SMUGGLING ON OUR LOCAL INDUSTRIES ( A CASE STUDY OF SUNRISE FLOUR MILL, EMENE, ENUGU. ) 292. THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN A MANUFACTURING FIRM ( A CASE STUDY OF AUTO STAR GALLERY LIMITED EMENE ENUGU ) 293. ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON OUR ECONOMY A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE. 294. WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT IN DELTA STATE URBAN ( A CASE STUDY OF DELSEPA ) 295. TRAINING AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT OPPORUNTIES IN UNION BANK ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK PLC ) 296. MASS MEDIA AS AN INSTRUMENT OF POLITICAL MOBILIZATION. A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE ( ESSBS ) 297. SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN MANUFACTURING FIRM USING THE NINTH MILE ENUGU AND GOLDEN GUNIEA PLC ( NBPC ) UMUAHIA FOR THE EASE STUDY. 298. RAW MATERIAL MANAGEMENT IN A BREWERY INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF GUINESS NIGERIA PLC ) 299. THE IMPACT OF PERSONNEL SATIFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMCO ) 300. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION - MAKING AN ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT. ( A CASE STUDY OF I. M. T ) 301. THE IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON BANKING INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED BANKS FROM 1984 - 2004 ) 302. CHEM ENGR ) PRODUCTION OF ALKALI USING LOCAL RAW MATERIAL ( PALM INFORESCENCE ) 303. THE ROLE OF REGISTRY DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY INSTITUTION ( A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ( IMT ) ENUGU ) 304. THE ROLE OF A MANAGER IN SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF BLIO TEX TRADING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANY NIGERIA. LIMIED, ENUGU. 305. THE IMPACT OF GOOD MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTIVITY IN MANUFACTURING FIRM IN ANAMBRA STATE ( A CASE STUDY OF GENERAL COTTON MILL ONITSHA ) 306. IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL - SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NNEWI - SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ANAMBRA STATE 307. EFFECTS OF PERSONNEL POLICIES ON ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENCESS, ( ACASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO LTD, EMENE ENUGU ) 308. JOB INTERVIEW - A WAY OF SELECTING SUITABLE WORKER IN INDUSTRIES ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE ASBESTOR NIGERIA LIMITED, EMENE ENUGU ) 309. AN EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES ENUGU ) 310. A STUDY ON THE CONSTRAINS, DIFFICULTIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENSEPA IN MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE / REFUSE IN ENUGU URBAN. 311 EFFECT OF POLLUTION TO THE SOCIETY IT ' S CAUSES AND EFFECTS ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 312. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS IN MULTI - CAMPUSES IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS A CASE STUDY OF INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ENUGU. 313. SURVIVAL STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY SMALL - SCALE RETAIL OUTLETS IN NIGERIA ( A case study of Eastern shop Ogui road Enugu ) 314. STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING AND PROMOTING CAPITAL FORMATION AMONG SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF HERITAGE COMPANY ENUGU ) 315. THE CONCEPT OF COST CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC FUNDS A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING. 316. CHEM ENGR ) EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM LOCAL SEED ( GROUNDNUT SEED ) & CHARACTERIZATION 317. AN EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESS AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES ENUGU 318. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF QUALITY CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC ENUGU ) 319. PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT IN GOVERNMENT OWNER CORPORATIONS A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE WATER CORPORATION 320. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF SMALL - SCALE INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU STATE ( A CASE STUDY OF PATONY BLOCK INDUSTRY PRESIDENTIAL ROAD ) 321. IMPACT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY; EASTERN REGION ( A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC. ) 322. INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO, EMENE, ENUGU ) 323. IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NIGERIA CIVIL SERVICE. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE ) 324. INTERFACE MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF PIPELINE AND PRODUCTS MARKETING COMPANY LIMITED ENUGU DEPOT. 325. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF NIGERIAN COMPANIES A CASE STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY AND CHEVROM 326. THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF NITEL, ENUGU ) 327. THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AND HOW NIGERIAN IDENTITY CAN BE RESTORD IN EVERY ADMINISTRATION 328. THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN REVAMPING THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF STAR LINE NIGERIA LIMITED ABA ) 329. FULFILLMENT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AS A BUSINESS SURVIVAL STRATEGY ( A CASE STUDY OF SEVEN UP BOTTLING COMPANY PLC NINTH MILE CORNER, AMEKE NGWO ) 330. THE ROLE OF BUDGETING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE MINISTRY OF WORKS AND HOUSING, ENUGU. 331. THE IMPACT OF STAFFS DEVELOPMENT IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF GOVERNMENT PARASTATAL OF NEPA, ENUGU DISTRICT. 332. ENTERPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AUDITS IMPACT IN OUR ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF EBOYI STATE ) 333 THE RELEVANCE OF COMPUTERS IN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM. ( A CASE STUDY OF NITEL PLC ENUGU ) 334. THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEM OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY. ( A CASE STUDY OF NNEWI WATER CO - OPERATION ANAMBRA STATE ) 335. SURVIVAL STRATEGY ADOPTION BY SMALL SCALE RETAIL OUT LET IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF HERITAGE NIGERIA LIMITED NEW HAVEN ENUGU ) 336. INDUSTRIAL RELATION AS A VERITABLE INSTRUMENT FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE IN AN ORGANISATION. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BEWERIES PLC, ENUGU ) 337. THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES TO A BUSINESS ORGANISATION 338. - LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT IN BANKS - ( CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK PLC AND NISE COMMUNITY BANK ). 339. STRATEGIES FOR INTRODUCING A NEW PRODUCT IN THE MARKET ( A CASE STUDY OF FANTA LEMON OF COCA - COLA COMPANY IN ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 340. THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION 341. THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON WORKERS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION 342. THE PRACTICS OF BUSINESS ETHICS AMONGST OGBETE MAIN MARKET TRADERS ASSOCITION 343. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION GAP IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY ( A CASE STUDY OF UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 344. PUBLIC RELATION AS A TOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL HARMONY ( A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN POLICE ENUGU ) 345. MARKET ACCEPTABILITY OF LOCALLY MADE COSMETICS PRODUCTS ( BEAUTY AIDS ) IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF FEMALE CONSUMERS IN ENUGU URBAN 346. THE ROLE OF TRADE FAIR IN MARKETING OF GOODS AND SERVICES ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ) 347. PROBLEM AND PROSPECTS OF DISTRIBUTING SOFT DRINKS PRODUCTS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS ( A CASE STUDY OF SEVEN UP BOTTLING CO. PLC ) 348. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF PIPLINE AND PRODUCT MARKETING COMPANY ENUGU ). 349. SHORTAGE OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN GOVERNMENT ESTABLSHMENT PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ( A CASE STUDY OF MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING ENUGU STATE ) 350. THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON THE NIGERIA ECONOMY ( A CASE STUDY OF NDOKWA WEST L. G. A IN DELTA STATE ). 351. USING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER SERVICES IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF INTER - CONTINENT BANK ) 352. THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN FINANCING SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ) 353. CONTRIBUTION OF TRESPUTATION INDUSTRY TO THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA RAILWAY CORPORATION ) 354. ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF A SMALL SCALE POULTRY BUSINESS. ( A CASE STUDY OF ALPHA POULTRY FARM EMENE, ENUGU STATE ) 355 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF MANAGEMENT OF HOTELS ( A CASE ) STUDY OF HOTEL PRESIDENTIAL 356. THE ROLE OF THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT IN PROFIT MAXIMIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE PLC ) 357. THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT INTERFERNCE IN MANAGEMENT OF FINACIAL INSTITUTION ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ) 358. ND Problems of effective management in government owned companies 359. EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS ( A CASE STUDY OF N. B. L. PLC ) 360. MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU STATE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 361. THE ROLE OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS ( A CASE STUDY OF JOHN HOLT ) 362. THE IMPACT OF DELEGATION ON MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING ( A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK PLC ENUGU ) 363. USING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER SERVICES AND GROWTH IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY. ( A CASE STUDY OF INTER - CONTINENTAL BANK ) 364. EFFECTS OF PERSONNEL POLICIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMCO LTD. EMENE ENUGU ) 365. MANAGEMENT OF PENSION SCHEMES IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE ( A CASE STUDY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PENSION / ESTABLISHMENT, ENUGU STATE PUBLIC SERVICE ) 366. THE IMPACT OF REMUNERATIONS AND WORKING CONDITIONS ON ORGANIZATIONS PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF LIFE BREWERY ONITSHA ) 367. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ( A CASE OF ANAMMCO ) 368. THE CAUSES, EFFECTS AND REMEDIES OF ORGANISATION CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL [A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL ( UNTH ) ENUGU] 369. ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN COMMUNITY BANKING ( A CASE STUDY OF OGUI URBAN COMMUNITY BANK NIG. LTD. ENUGU ) 370. AN APPRISIAL OF THE ROLE OF SMUGGLING ACTIVITIES IN THE TOTAL PURCHASEPRICE OF MATERIALS ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA IMGRATION ENUGU ) 371. RESEARCH AS INSTRUMENT OF ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS ( A CASE OF THE NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC ENUGU ) 372. ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND ( ITF ) IN MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF ITF EMENE ) 373. THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVE ( MBO ) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN EMPLOYEE ( A CASE STUDY OF LOPA ENERGY CO LTD ) 374. THE EFFECTS OF POOR OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON THE MOTIVATION OF WORKERS IN AN ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE ) 375. ADMINISTRATIVE STRESS AND MODERN MANAGAER IN PRIVATE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY HALLMARK BANK ENUGU ) 376. INCREASING ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY THROUGH CONFLICT RESOLUTION ( A CASE STUDY OF UBA PLC ENUGU ) 377. PROBLEM AND PROSPECT OF POULTRY MANAGEMENT ( A CASE OS STUDY OF PHINOMAR NIGERIA LIMITED ( NGWO ) 378. CASH MANAGEMENT IN MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES ( A CASE STUDY OF MR BIGGS ENUGU ) 379. the organization and management problems of rural water supply in Nnewi Anambra State. 380. THE EFFECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINIST - RATION IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. ( A CASE STUDY OF IDEMILI LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN ANAMBARA STATE ) 381. PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION IN ENUGU STATE PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS 382. RESEARCH AS INSTRUMENT OF ORGANIZATION EFFECTIVENESS ( A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY PLC ENUGU. ) 383. THE SIGNIFICANT OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT IN BUSINESS ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC, 9TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU ) 384. MOTIVATION AS A MEANS OF STAFF PERFORMANCE ( A CASE STUDY OF DELTA GLAS PT ) 385. THE EFFECT OF THE CURRENT EXCHANGE RATE POLICY ON THE MANUFACTURING A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCOMANUFACTURING COMPANY 386. CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA ) 387. POLICY MAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION A TOOL FOR AN EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVE OF AN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF MICHAEL OPARA FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE UMUDIKE ABIA STATE ) 388. PROBLEM OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU ( A CASE STUDY OF FAMILY JOY PRODUCT ) 389. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN NIGERIANA CASE STUDY OF WATER CORPORATION ENUGU 390. DEMOCRACY IN TRADE UNION ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE CIVIL SERVANT ) 391. CHEM ENGR ) MANUFACTURE OF CEILING BOARD USING LOCAL MATERIALS 392. THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE INDUSTRIES, MINES AND AGRICULTURE ( NACCIMA ), IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY ON NACCIMA, ENUGU, ENUGU STATE ). 393. THE EFFECTS OF GOOD PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF DATA TEXTILE MILL ASABA 394. THE EFFECT OF THE INTRODUCTION OFCOMPUER INTO BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONSIN NIGERIA. ( A case study of Golden Investment, Enugu ) 395. THE NATURE, CONCEPT AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF NEPA ) 396. AN APPRAISAL OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICE BY NIGERIAN CORPORATE ORGANISATIONS ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY EMENE - ENUGU ) ( ANAMMCO ) 397. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PRACTICES IN THE OIL SECTOR A CASE STUDY OF AFRICAN PETROLEUM ' S PLC 398. EFFECT AND EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ITS EFFICIENCY ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA PLC ENUGU STATE ) 399. IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE ) 400. CHEM ENGR ) PRODUCTION OF BLACK AND BROWN POLISH BROWN POLISH 401. EFFECTS OF POOR MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE OWNED ESTABLISHMENT. A CASE STUDY OF POWERFUL LIMITED ENUGU ENUGU STATE 402. INFORMATION SERVES AS THE LIFE WIRE OF EVERY BUSINESS ( A CASE STUDY OF ROBAN STORE ENUGU ) 403. EFFECTIVE CORPORATE IMAGE MANAGEMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING PROFITABILITY ( A CASE STUDY OF PHINOMAR NIG. LTD NGWO, ENUGU AND FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC, ENUGU. 404 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY A NECESSITY TO NIGERIA BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS ( A CASE STUDY OF GUINNESS NIGERIA PLC ABA ) 405. EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AS A STRATEGY TO MANAGEMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF NITEL LTD ) 406 A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF BANKING REGULATION AND SUPERVISION IN NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANKS 407. THE INFLUENCE OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF GUNINNESS NIGERIA PLC BENIN CITY ) 408. A STUDY ON THE STRATEGIES FOR HEALTHY EMPLOYER - EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP IN ORGANISATION ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENTE COMPANY LIMITED EMENE ENUGU ) 409. THE USE OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING 410. THE EFFECT OF UNBIDLE IMPORTATION ON INDEGINEOUS INDUSTRIES ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC ) 411. MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE WITH EMPHASIS ON INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND STAFETY ( A CASE STUDY OF PREMIER BREWERIES PLC ONITSHA ) 412. PROBLEMS OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA COMPANIES ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION PLC ONITSHA 413. AN APPRAISAL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCILS EFFORTS TOWARDS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 414. IMPACT OF COMMUNICATION IN THE MANAGEMENT AN ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED ENUGU. 415. SOURCING RAW MATERIALS FOR SMALL - SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA 416. THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN PRIVATE SECTOR ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE ENUGU ) 417. CONTRIBUTIONS OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF OIL FIELD TRANSPORT ) 418. A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE STRATEGIES OF THE EXPORTATION OF MADE IN NIGERIA GOODS IS A TOPIC CHOSEN FROM MARKETING FIELD 419. THE ROLES AND PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO THE GROWTH OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU ) 420. THE EFFECT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER INTO ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT, PORT HARCOURT REFINERY COMPANY ( PHRC ) EASTERN DIVISION OF RIVERS STATE 421. THE EFFECT OF INFLATION ON INCOME & WEALTH DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATION [A CASE STUDY OF THE PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTION ( PTI ) EFURU WARRI] 422. THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN SOLVING UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM IN NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY OF OJI RIVER L. G. A ENUGU ) 423. PROBLEMS AND ACHIEVEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. A CAE STUDY OF FEDERAL MORTGAGE BANK ENUGU 424. THE PRESS IN NIGERIAN POLITICS: ANALYSIS OF ISSUES AND PATTERNS OF NEWS COVERAGE 425. THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC DEPARTMENT DEPRESSION IN THE MARKETING OF PAINT PRODUCT ( A CASE STUDY OF ANDY GROUP OF COMPANY ) 426. THE NEED FOR EFFICIENT INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN A MANUFACTURING COMPANY ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY N. B. C ENUGU STATE ) 427. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS ORGANISATIONA CASE SYUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC9TH MILE CONER ENUGU 428. ECONOMIC EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NIGERIA ECONOMY ( A STUDY OF IGBO ETITI NORTH ) 429. ND LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN OUR PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY. 430. ND REASONS FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRO - BASED INDUSTRIES. ( A CASE STUDY OF PREMIER CASHEW INDUSTRY OGHE ) 431. THE PROBLEMS OF REVENUE GENERATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGERIA. 432. ECONOMIC EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY ( A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH ) 433. MASS COM THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION FOR EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY LTD ) 434. THE ISSUES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A MUST TO NIGERIA BUSINESS ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF GUINESS NIGERIA PLC ). 435. PROBLEMS OF ALLOCATION, DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF PETROLUM PRODUCTS. ( A CASE STUDY OF NNPC DEPOT IN ENUGU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ENUGU STATE ) 436. THE IMPACT OF SALARY INCREASE AND FRINGE BENEFITS AMONG NIGERIAN WORKERS ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU RAILWAY CORPORATION ) 437. THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN BUSINESS ORGANISAITONS ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGER BREWERIES PLC, ENUGU ) 438. THE MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION EFFECTS AND MEANS OF CREATING AWARENESS ON RADIO AND TELEVISION FOR BEVERAGE ( A CASE STUDY OF MILO FOOD DRINKS ) 439. MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF IN - LAND FISHERIES RESOURCES IN NIGERIA: ( A CASE STUDY OF OSIMIRI DUDU FLOOD POND IN ANAMBRA STATE ). 440. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON WORKERS, PERFORMANCE ( A CASE STUDY OF NIKE LAKE, RESORT ENUGU ) A RESEARCH PROJECT CARRIED OUT 441. THE CONCEPT OF PROFITABLILITY FACTORS AS A GUIDE TO POLICY DECISION. 442 CHEMICAL DEPT, PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY FOAM 443. ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF A SMALL SCALE POULTRY FARM AT OMUMA IN ORU EAST L. G. A. IMO STATE. 444. PUBLIC RELATIONS AS A TOOL FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA REGION. ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGER DELTA DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION ) 445. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF MARKETINGPETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA ( CASE STUDY OF STUDY OF INFRA OIL COMPANY NIGERIA PLC ENUGU - NGWO ) 446. MANAGING RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INDUSTRALIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF AWGU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ) 447. EFFICIENT CORPORATE IMAGE MANAGEMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING PROFITABLITY ( A CASE STUDY OF PHINOMAR NIGERIA LIMITED NGWO ) 448. CAPITAL INVESTMENT APPRAISAL A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEB PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANIES ( A CASE STUDY PAINOMAR NIG. LTD )

449 EXPORATATION OF - MADE IN NIGERIA - AS A TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIA ECONOMY. 450 PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF FARMER IN UDI LOCAL GOVEEENMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE ) 451 THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANISATION 452 THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION IN DISTRESSED BANKS 454 INVENTORY VALUATION, MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE LIMITED, ENUGU ) 445 THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT SUCCESSION IN AN ORGANIZATION ' S GOAL ATTAINMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION ) 450 THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND OGANISATONAL PRODUCTIVITY ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMCO ENUGU ) 452 CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION GAP IN OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY ( A CASE STUDY OF UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA )

453 THE IMPACT OF APPRENTICESHIP ON THE MANPOWER NEEDS IN NIGERIA. ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 454 THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT ) 455 THE RELEVANCE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHARE LAND SCHEME TO THE CITIZENS OF ENUGU STATE IN THE ONGOING PRIVATIZATION PROGRAMME ( A CASE STUDY OF NEPA DISTRICT ENUGU ) 456 THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH ( A CASE STUDY OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND ENUGU AREA OFFICE )

457 APPLICATION OF QUALITY CONTROL IN NIGERIA INDUSTRIES ( A CASE STUDY OF MICHELIN PORT HARCOUT )

458 THE BENEFIT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RECOURSES ( AS CASE STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK PLC ENUGU ). 459THE ROLE OF EFFICIENT INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY - ANAMMCO 460 A STUDY OF THE DETECTION AND CHECKS OF CLAIMS FRAUD IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY. A CASE STUDY OF INSURANCE COMPANY IN ENUGU STATE. 461 PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY ( A CASE STUDY OF FARMER IN UDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE ) 462 THE ROLE OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT IN ENHANCING INDUSTRIAL HARMONY ( A CASE STUDY OF HARVARD TRUST SAVINGS AND LOANS LIMITED ENUGU ) 463 THE EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR IN ENUGU METROPOLIS ( A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY 9TH MILE ENUGU ) 464 THE IMPACT OF CRIME WAVE IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY.

465 NIGERIAN MAINTENANE CULTURE: AN INTITUTION INTO NIGERIAN POSTAL SERVICES ( NIPOST ) 466 MARKETING OF LIFE ASSURANCE POLICIES IN NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

467 MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCES ( A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENT IN ENUGU STATE

468 GOODWILL MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF PHINOMAR FEEDS NIG. LTD NGWO 469 THE EFFECT OF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED COMPANIES IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY LIKE NIGERIA ( A CASE STUDY AS CON OIL PLC. ENUGU )

470 ORIENTATION TO WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA. 471 MANAGEMENT OF PENSION SCHEMES IN NIGERIA PUBLIC SERVICE ( A CASE STUDY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PENSION / ESTABLISHMENT, ENUGU STATE PUBLIC SERVICE ) 472 COST MINIMIZATION AS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVING EFFICIENCY IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES 473 MOTIVATION A SUCCESS FACTOR IN ORGANIZATION ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO NIGERIA LIMITED ) 474 MANAGEMENT OF CRISES IN AN ORGANIZATION. ( A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO PLC EMENE ENUGU ) 475 THE STATUS OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

476 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELEVANCE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY INTO TEACHING - LEARNING PROCESS

Veterinary Technician Schools - Help Deciding

A career as a vet technician starts with proper training via a good vet technician program. An aspiring vet tech has to hurdle two obstacles on the road to accreditation; a two or four - year formal academic course, and a state - administered certification. Whether it ' s an associate ' s or a bachelor ' s degree, a reliable training program will prepare the aspiring veterinary technical for the Veterinary Technician Federal Examination ( VTNE ) and for adjustment in a clinic or laboratory. The certification process is overseen by the American Association of Veterinary State Boards ( AAVSB ).

Vet technician programs hold internship and externship opportunities in their curriculum. A basic forbearing of uncomely nursing is a requirement for all aspiring technicians. The student has to be quick-witted in laboratory procedures, and must be keen to lift in all aspects of unsightly stew, including surgical procedures.

A typical vet tech education curriculum includes the seven uppermost areas of knowledge that have been identified by the AAVSB, namely: pharmacy and pharmacology, surgical preparation and assisting, dentistry procedures, laboratory procedures, haglike nursing, radiology and ultrasound, and anesthesia. More knowledge in public health, physiology, and zoonotic diseases will further enhance a veterinary technician ' s performance.

There are quality vet technician schools, both campus - based and online. The most popular educational path at the moment is a two - year associate degree program from the American Veterinary Medical Association AVMA that offers core modules in animal health and welfare, veterinary technology, veterinary facility management, animal parasitology, and physiology. Modules that require practical skills are taught in clinical settings using live animals.

The AVMA program can be obtained both online ( by distance learning ) or offline through colleges and universities. Some schools that offer this program are Argosy University, Brown Mackie College, and the Indiana Business School. Distance education campuses such as the Ashworth University and Penn Foster Schools are worth exploring, but there are many other good schools that can be considered in getting sound education and training. For more information on this, visit VeterinaryTechnicianCareer. com.

Upon completion of course work, aspiring vet techs need to pass the National Veterinary Technician ( NVT ) exam, a credentialing examination, in order to become qualified veterinary technicians. The NVT is designed to evaluate the competency level of candidates. It assures the public that the veterinary technician is competent enough to work in a veterinary clinic or hospital. Passing this examination is a must for all aspiring veterinary technicians. The NVT is regulated by the State Board of Veterinary Examiners. Successful examinees may carry titles such as Registered Veterinary Technician, Certified Veterinary Technician, or Licensed Veterinary Technician.

Newly certified vet technicians work under the direct supervision of licensed technicians for proper on - the - job training and hands - on experience in working with animals. They also need to be totally familiar with all laboratory and medical equipment required in doing surgery and laboratory work.

In summary, there is no short cut to becoming a vet technician. Proper training and preparation are very important. From thereon, they can then steadily build up their careers and grow into the profession. Education, along with a positive work attitude, good interpersonal skills and teamwork, will help the veterinary tech move up the career ladder. Love and compassion for animals is not sufficient; being properly trained to respond to their needs is important.

Visiting Enticing Istanbul on School Trips

Istanbul is the largest city in Pushover and the second largest urban area in Europe. With a recorded history that dates back to at elementary 660 BC, near the time when the city was founded, Istanbul makes an nonpareil habitat for school trips to call to con about the ancient history and culture of the region.

Although the seat of the upper hand is located in Ankara, Istanbul is the country ' s cultural and cash centre with a plethora of history to accumulate you diligent on your school trips. Time in the ancient city, be incontestable to evening Topkapi Palace to notice where the Ottomans ruled from, check out the religious history delayed the Fed up Mosque and then pop into the Grand Bazaar Market to experience the day to day trading before you head home.

Topkapi Palace - Located on the Seraglio Point overlooking the " Golden Horn, " the Topkapi Palace was the traditional home of the Ottoman Sultans for about 400 years. School trips to the palace will take you into the compound through the huge, marble Imperial Gate, which sits on Divan Yolu and is the main entrance. Inside, you will see how the ancient construction that was begun around 1459, was strategically laid out so that the Sultan ' s main home and innermost buildings are at the highest point and the whole of the palace is surrounded by walls. From most points in the palace compound you can appreciate the commanding views over the Bosporus.

The Blue Mosque - School trips to Istanbul will certainly visit the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, more popularly known as the Blue Mosque, right in the historical centre of the city. Built from 1609 to 1616 during the reign of Ahmed I, the Blue Mosque is so called due to the blue tiles surrounding its interior walls. Its architecture is a mix of the Byzantine and Ottoman design, which incorporates some elements of the nearby Hagia Sophia, and is famous for its six minarets. In addition to being a popular place to visit, it continues to be a working mosque.

The Grand Bazaar Market - As one of the longstanding marketplaces in the world, Bazaars are an interesting place to buy and sell just about everything. The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is one of the largest in the world with 60 streets and 5, 000 shops and sellers who will happily haggle with you. They sell everything from jewellery made by local artisans, to antique doors from churches and mosques taken from ancient locations in the Eastern parts of the country, to carpets, spices, sweets, and even all the tourist tack you could possibly want. No school trips to Istanbul are complete without a day spent wandering up and down the streets here, mixing with locals and tourists alike, and haggling for the best deal. While in the Grand Bazaar, be sure to take note of its two mosques, four fountains, two hamans, and several cafs and restaurants.

Vocational Training - Practical education for career advancement

The intention of vocational training is to line students with all the pertinent practical knowledge and social skills necessary for them to take on a productive role in the economy, by training for a specific career or trade. Vocational training is considered a fundamental right and has been considered by the most important international legal apparatus in the field of human rights. Vocational Training provides an instrument for the promotion of labourer employability through the trimming of human important and for productivity improvement and competitiveness at the planate of the firm or nation.

Vocational training is becoming so marginalized within the development sector that it is rarely talked about, and within international and government agencies the importance of these skills is just being rediscovered. Vocational training should introduce a wide reach of activities, including types of training which would help fit a person for employment, including practical work experience, and vocational guidance. Vocational training can unlocked up new prospects and provide the opportunity to escape unemployment, by offering a secure income and opportunities for advancement. Vocational training focuses on practical applications of skills, and is unconcerned with theory or prevalent academic skills.

An advantage of graduates of vocational schools has over informally trained job seekers is that an independent organization certifies that vocational graduates have the skills needed to successfully perform a specific skilled occupation. Many large communities often have separate public schools that students attend full time that provide academic instruction and vocational training to their high school students. These schools commonly use the co - op training program, in which students work part time in the job for which they are preparing. Traditionally, junior high schools and high schools have offered vocational courses such as home economics, wood and metal shop, and auto repair though schools have recently put more emphasis on academics for all students because of new standards based on education reform. Many schools have shifted the emphasis of their programs from the traditional trades to computers and related technologies, while other schools have moved away from vocational training entirely.

Technical and vocational institutions need to have competency to provide qualified training that satisfies both trainees and employers to contribute in developing the economy. Technical schools offer technology - oriented degree programs in a variety of fields including information technology, computer programming, networking, and much more. Technical institutes offer intensive technical training but teach less theory and general education than junior and community colleges.

Vocational training imparts specialized skills and knowledge while instilling social and political attitudes and behavior patterns essential for successful economic activities. Vocational training is can be a launch pad for a career that can lead to participants becoming masters in their field. Vocational training is a must and should be compulsory as it provides the learner with practical knowledge of the theoretical concepts learned in school. Vocational training should be considered as your stepping stone to success.

Various Types Of Planter Boxes That Will Impeccably Work In Commercial Establishments

Planter Boxes are widely used in hotels, restaurants and commercial establishments nowadays. Prospect designers upgrade to exploit them in the face of the dump or on the bare crevice so that they can easily draw customers ' attention. The appropriate reason why prospect designers will bravura them in these specific areas, over they think that decorative planter boxes can add distinctive dimension, visual impact, extraordinary pulchritude and accord within the premises of the flat. They can give livelier appearance and homey experience that everyone is dreaming of. Above all, crews won ' t give extra effort and time to do the tedious maintenance such as gathering the wilted leaves, watering the plants, putting fertilizers and cultivating the soil everyday.

Anyone can customize the theme of their abode by using the wide selections of planter boxes. The custom modern planters, large commercial planters, contemporary planters and the likes are hand manufactured from heavy, solid wall sheets or architectural grade Cellular PVC so that you will not face any predicaments in the future like rotting, warping, cracking or splitting. They also come in various sizes, colors and textures, so you can definitely choose the appropriate components that will complement to your window box design or beautiful foliages.

Modern Planters

Modern planters can be in the form of a rectangle or a tapered square complemented with chic and solid galvanized metal construction. They are carefully crafted in high style fiberglass available to ensure a myriad years of use. Like the rectangular planters, they are perfect for edging the entryways or pavements. Herded with real foliages, rectangular planters can create an inviting open space. And the square tapered planters will work well on doorways of every commercial establishment to welcome the customers.

Commercial Planters

Large commercial planters are designed to enhance the conventional look of hotels, schools and restaurants. The solid wall cellular PVC hotel planters appear fresh and chic once combined with real flowering plants. They will help make the surroundings look astonishing even from a distance.

Contemporary Planters

If you are thinking of an Asian - inspired bistro, use the chic contemporary planters. Like the Wolfgang Puck ' s restaurant in La Jolla, they utilized the urban chic window planters to freely express his contemporary selections and seasonal specials. Your family and friends will not just enjoy the magnificent tastes of Wolfgang ' s signature cuisines, but they will also experience the comfortable and casual setting of the restaurant.

There are other outdoor planters that you can also use to boost the curb appeal of your establishment. You can contact your nearest manufacturer so that you can ask for some tips from the experts if what would be the appropriate outdoor planters that will perfectly work for your abode.

Virtual Schools Come To Florida

The online public framework, Florida Virtual School, had dual with the private school of Pearson to produce a online community for them. They are called Pearson Virtual Learning and will be offering over 100 programs designed by Florida Virtual School across the U. S and world that count career, untrained placement and technology courses. They are mainly focusing on grades 6 - 12 so far. So what ' s the difference between virtual learning and original learning in a classroom?

Learning in a classroom has its advantages. You have the ability to raise your hand at sliver apt moment and request a problem and have it answered soon, rather than waiting for an email response. You also have hands on learning with your peers in a classroom. You can have grade discussions, projects and just have them there to give insight on certain assignments or schoolwork. This is vital to a childs development, working together in a group and learning to interact mentally with other students. In a classroom setting, group projects are so important because it teaches kids how to interact with society and work together. This knowledge is great because it will be applicable throughout their life, help them with their careers and just help them live a heathy social life in general.

Virtual Learning environments also have its advantages. Virtual learning gives children the opportunity to go to school or further their academic career if they otherwise would not have been able to. If a child can not get to after school classes that give extra credits and a head start on their educational career because of transportation issues, the Virtual School is a great alternative. Also, in general if a childs parents work and can ' t get them to school during the normal school hours, the Virtual Learning is a great solution as well. As some students thrive in a environment where they are around a lot of people, some thrive working on their own and are very self - sufficient.

The new online courses that Pearson Virtual Academy and Florida Virtual Schools have made give the teachers room to specialize courses for the individual student. Unlike most online classes, that are uniform and are taught as a whole. These courses are specialized for the individual student who might have a different learning pace than another student. This makes choosing to go virtual not that hard of a decision knowing that your child is still getting the individual attention they need to be successful in school.

The lower cost of virtual courses make it inexpensive for schools to offer more programs and courses designed to help students advance their educational journey. As long as students are learning and being successful in their schoolwork what does it matter how they get their education? Whether it ' s virtual or in a physical classroom, the information they are getting are the same. Now with the newly designed virtual courses, online is now becoming individualized per student. Virtual schools are becoming more and more prevalent today and are only improving in their curriculum. For more information please visit Florida School Report Cards and Public School Rankings

URBAN GROOVES MUSIC IN ZIMBABWE HOW AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCES OTHER CULTURES THROUGH GLOBAL IMAGES

CRITICAL LANGUAGE ANALYSIS

- For every writer, speaker or artist skillful is a finite set of possibilities that are available linguistically to unambiguous and prattle about a subject or topic in a liable social understanding - ( Kwaramba 1997: 12 ) The language used by an artist denotes a lot, as in relation to the artist ' s observation, social concerns and his or her position in the social structure. Proficient is no commensurate everything as neutral data, accordingly at last all musical matter is related to life experiences and situations. Music is the prime instance of the traffic of ideas up and down modes of representation. Discourse is all told shaped by function relations in society and hence contributes to social continuity and quarters. Musical discourse is mainly configured in the realm of sound, language and metaphors of expressive gestures with the capacity to engage us in exploring structural change and new ways of construing the world.

Musical lyrics can be transcribed and be scan as poetry. When sounds mighty enough to threaten existing situations emerge, interpretations, choices, tastes are made. However, going back to language, when an artist uses certain aspects of language, it is for a object. Language use and brings out a world view, and in this case it can be a European or African world view. In urban grooves music, qualified is a way in which they use language which is different from other genres of music. According to Kwaramba ( 1997: 9 ), words do not bring the duplicate meanings guise of the cultural and social contexts in which the texts are produced. Musicians use carefully chosen modes of expression which excludes other possibilities.

Choice of phrases, reiteration of twin words, compound of both English and Shona or Ndebele languages, choice of titles of songs and albums gives interpretation of the entertainer ' s intended message and ideology. This includes selection of certain linguistic expressions, keywords, social hint, thematic concerns, symbolism and lexicalization. As social relations chicken feed, music also changes and this is reflected in urban grooves music. English is used as a bedding of communication in schools and the media, and this and has got consequences in expressions used in music by the youths. Urban grooves musicians ' buttress of expression will be capable.

3. 2. 3 SPOKEN AND WRITTEN Topic ANALYSIS

- A spoken content is smartly what is spoken in a piece of spoken discourse and the written words can be used to touch to a written transcription of what is uttered - ( Fairclough 2001: 20 ) Discourse refers to the solid stage of social interaction of which a paragraph is part and a words is product of the process of topic production. Songs can be transcribed from spoken texts to written texts and accordingly the matter becomes a resource for words interpretation. People interpret texts through their knowledge of the language, representations of the everyday and social worlds they inhabit, values, beliefs and assumptions. Texts produced have - footprints ' of social relations and the struggles generated. Different strategies are used by artists to put their ideas across. This includes the social conditions of production and social conditions of interpretation. ( Fairclough 2001: 21 ) However texts are interwoven with facial expressions and gestures. In this case the researcher will use videos of some songs by urban grooves musicians to analyze gestures and facial expressions. These are the extra - linguistic meat. Alongside the transcription of songs into written texts, Fairclough ( 2001 ) distinguishes three stages of critical discourse analysis which are: i ) Description of the formal properties of a issue ii ) Interpretation which is categorized into six levels which incorporate situational understanding, intertextual message, surface of utterance, heart of utterance, local coherence and topic structure. iii ) Explanation concerns itself with the social determination of the transaction of production and interpretation and the social effects. Intertextual stuff can besides cite to the historical series of society, and deciding which series a topic belongs to. Explanations can again be pinched into three levels, that is explanation at society level, explanation at institutional level and at situational level mainly since people see or look at the identical thing with different perspectives.

3. 2. 4 Subject IN TEXTS AND LANGUAGE USE

Language use reproduces culture from generation to generation, and the language used by urban grooves artists makes assumptions of their listeners or customers. All language is intertextual, it is shaped by brother texts, oriented to conventions and interpreted against the struggle of a correct big corpus of linguistic experience ( Stubbs 1996: 92 ) It is against this experience that the researcher will analyze chitchat effect and drift used since all words are open to new uses and are flexible in their meanings to some extent. For a consultation to be branded obscene, practiced are reasons for that in our cultural stuff. Experienced are thereupon changing relations between occurrences in a paragraph and the underlying language system. ( Stubbs 1996 ). It is therefore needful to spot linguistic mechanisms which pack ideologies and other things. Congeneric analysis will pageantry how grammar can help to diagram the discourse of society, how different points can be explained by stylistic choices and how they can embody different ideologies.

The thematic concerns of the music of Maskiri and Xtra Great will therefore be analyzed vis - - vis those of Western musicians, especially hip - hop music. They may use in agreement grammar to back their ideas about women, life and many ethics about morality and society in general in the nuance of our Zimbabwean culture. Aspects of American culture, consonant rebelliousness, use of vulgarities and obscene language, will be analysed and adequate in comparison with the thematic concerns of urban grooves music. Similarities in garb, types of dances, rhythm and lifestyle will and be analysed. These are the extra - linguistic score.

3. 2. 5 RESEARCH CONSTRAINTS

All the various methods used have their own deficiencies and limitations. Besides, the study needed a great deal of time, and the time available was selfsame inadequate. The transcription of songs needed reserved attention equivalent that the time taken was undoubted long. A total year of studying can be adequate. Notwithstanding these problems I tried my best by video all interviews, and all lyrics were written down in as short a time as possible. The lyrics of the music of Eminem, Refrigerate Cube and Tupac was taken from the internet.

3. 2. 6 CONCLUSION

The Chapter discussed methods of mass data used in the research. To pyramid textual analysis, interviews with musicians and producers of music were carried out. Music videos of urban grooves musicians agnate Xtra Substantial were besides used.

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

4. 1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays skillful is rampant commercialization of music especially hip - hop music. Through globalization, varied forms and transformations of hip - hop music can be pragmatic in the world, especially feeler world countries equaling Zimbabwe. Bounteous of its elegant values have been commercialized and ingrated into other people ' s cultural values. Its ethics of enchantment and authenticity to its problematic constructions of masculinities and femininities to its mass production and prevalent consumption by many people has led to its transplantation on local cultures and people.

Now people inquire into individuality and recognition through the religion of consumerism ( Hertz 2001: 115 ) In this way, people are looking for an overall pith, which will enable them to dig the complexities of life in a world continually shaped by global influences and the difficulty of finding subdivision sense of community. ( Sennet 2000: 175 ) One of the most important aspects of music is to share life experiences, social situations and make sense to different kinds of people.

However in urban grooves music, the older generation has got some reservations to their type of music, especially the use of obscene language in the music of the likes of Decibel, Xtra Big, Maskiri and multiplied others. Urban grooves musicians have been hence accused of imitating American superstars like Eminem. Music genres pop up in a certain scenarios and social situations. Hip - hop music grew in certain social situations and, in Zimbabwe multitudinous people have been requiem that urban grooves musicians are imitating American musicians comparable Eminem and Tupac. The researcher used the music of Eminem and Tupac, looking at the themes of his music and what multifarious critics point out as the deficiencies of his music vis - - vis the music of local artists double Maskiri. Purely Maskiri once verbal, - Eminem is the American Maskiri - ( The Sunday mail: 12 June 2004 ) The terms rap and rap music are ofttimes used to distinguish hip hop music; the terms rap music and hip hop music are ofttimes synonymous, although rap music is sometimes used to describe hip hop songs mislaid vocals. Hip hop music is besides erroneously used at times to paint related genres of music, related as contemporary R&B, which are primarily sung, daily for developing their commercial appeal; tempo singing is commonly even now in hip hop tracks, the main verbal ( if adept are vocals ) is always rapped.

This actuality from which hip - hop originates has undertones of the social conditions and values of the people. That is why we have themes such raging, it is as it is a gambit of the general ills of black communities and the general good decay of American societies. According to Sollonzo ( 2004: 35 ) hip - hop music can be considered an important step in the history of music seeing, for the first time, non - tonal aspects of speech, its urgency and lyrism, are the most identifiable aspects of its vocalizations. However, taken in sync, its inter - textuality provides it with miscellaneous intricate registers of spirit not easily discernable to a common watcher. According to a research by The Diary of Popular Culture ( Vol 38, No 6, 2005 ), its regional similarities ( in America ) contributes to its national racial individuality, although expert are remarkable differences in each region ' s idioms, narrative forms, construction of masculinities and femininities, and rhythmatic nuances. So hip - hop is far in African - American culture. Accordingly, it consists of four elements: Djing, Emceeing, graffiti, and breakdancing. Regular though, it consicts of copious styles and sub - genres as it is combined with rock music, reggae and other music styles. ( www. wikipedia. com ) Now the hip - hop genus has now been internationalized, so plentiful people in different countries now do rap music. It seems now; hip - hop music is synonymous with fighting, vulgar and obscene language and gangsterism. It now insists on mutiny especially if one listens to the songs of Infamous Super colossal and Tupac Shakur. Allyene ( 2000: 17 ) sees it as a protest against Unblemished supremacy.

In urban grooves music some critics have been arguing that some aspects of hip - hop music are reflected, which makes one query whether urban grooves music is thoroughly Zimbabwean music considering the music ' s cultural locale. Maskiri is one of those musicians who have been accused of imitating Eminem and hip - hop music in general. In this research the researcher will analyze countless aspects of Maskiri ' s music from rhythm, dulcet content, themes, costume and extra - linguistic nitty-gritty akin facial expressions vis - - vis Western musicians, and in this case Eminem and Tupac Shakur. Maskiri never made lot videos of his songs, but the researcher will use the videos of national music galas which Maskiri participated in. Populous say he is controversial, with a view to his lyrics and road. Xtra Vast ' s music is mainly based on social commentary, though they have been accused of using obscene language which denigrates women.

This chapter will deal on the complete attribute of urban grooves music vis - - vis globalization and cultural imperialism. Hip - hop music is the main bull's eye.

4. 2 THEMATIC ANALYSIS

4. 2. 1 CELEBRATION OF Fuss

One of the concurrent themes in both hip - hop and urban grooves music is the keynote of duress, in which frenzy is glorified. The music of Maskiri is totally full of images of maniacal system, something which is foreigner to our society. Hip - hop placard boy 50 Cent appears on the cover of Rolling Stone with the caption " Mastering The Art of Coercion. " - When everyone more is conversation about compulsion and greenback, it ' s tough to say about more reasoning issues forfeit being laughed at by your peers and being called soft. It is more strenuous to try and make the society buy it, " 50 Cent defends himself / However, when the likes of Maskiri carol about fierceness in their music, it seems they would be misreading their meaning. The burden of destructiveness permeates most of hip - hop music today. It is linked to drug use and dealings in drugs. Disorder is part of hip - hop culture and American culture in general, but here in Zimbabwe, its different. Struggle is one angle of social ills and part of socially unacceptable conduct in Zimbabwe.

In the song, - Hutsinye -, Maskiri says

- Inoita here muface wangu ( Is this proper, my familiar )

Chimoko chandakakanda paden pangu ( The broad I threw in my mansion ( married )

Ndasvika ndaona mukadzi achibvisa hembe, mukadzi wangu ( I arrived to smoke out a woman removing her costume, my wife )

Ndatenderera, ndobva ndatora simbi yangu ( I went around and took my metal bar )

Unondisungira zvinhu but - ndoda kumbokurova ( You bind things for me ( refuse sexual intercorse ) - I would jibing to beat you up )

Iwe zvese nabhambu wako iyeye muri two ( You and your man, the two of you. )

Ndobva taposa tauraya, tatanga kutswanya mazino ( We halfway killed them, we ad hoc by crushing the teeth )

Ndobva tapisa mapictures emuchato We burnt the wedding pictures )

Ndobva ndatora ring yangu, ivo vachirwadziwa. ( I took my ring with them still in woe -. )

In this song, Maskiri celebrates fighting as a natural way of life. Though it happens in society that sometimes women are promiscuous, beating up the wife is not condoned in society. In this case, Maskiri advocates for abandon against women in his music after all in our culture finished are unclouded - formed channels of dealing with this post. Licensed are the elders in the family who are capable of dealing with these kinds of situations. However, here Maskiri looks at the locality from the point of view of someone who has been wronged, a man who has found his sweetheart wife in the matrimonial flotation with another man. In actuality and in certain situations what Maskiri does is the first intellectual of countless, a man in Zimbabwe does. Able is shutout new in the position that Maskiri presents but the tone by which he says it, will point out that Maskiri advocates for this as the ideal solution, which is wrong. Violence is not the solution in a marriage.

While Maskiri deals with violence in the marriage context, in American culture and music, violence is embedded in the society of Americans. While violence is a social reality, it must not be encouraged just as Maskiri and Eminem are doing. America glamorizes behaviours which are deemed as socially unacceptable, something which is different from Zimbabwean context.

In his song - Death Around the Corner -, Tupac sings:

- I am tired of getting ripped off by guys like that I want his family dead; I want his house burned to the ground I want to get there in the middle of the night I wanna piss on his head - -. I want him dead, I don ' t care - ( Resurrection Soundtrack: 2003 )

Human life is valued so much in our Zimbabwean society, for Maskiri to present life as worthless is a mockery of the reality of our society. Maskiri apparently borrowed this concept of violence in his music from hip - hopmusic.

According to Smitherman ( 1997: 51 ) - America for all her protest against violent rap lyrics has failed to acknowledge her role in the creation of this relatively new art form. Evidence of America ' s preoccupation with violent activity is pervasive and can be found in virtually all of the entertainment industry. As a result of its prevalence in music, movies television and video games, America has nurtured an environment that some have come to call the culture of violence. ( Smitherman 1997: 51 ) Accordingly, rap music is not a genre created solely for profit. Deprivation and unequal opportunities nurtured the hopelessness, distrust and early death depicted in Tupac Shakur ' s lyrics ( Potter 1995: 13 ). When Maskiri takes wholesale the concept of violence from American music it is a gross misreading of his context. Globalization has made it possible for the youths to watch and access movies and videos which portray life on the negative side such that they do not value life. In his song - Hutsinye -, beating up a wife is presented as heroic yet the opposite is true. In trying to court controversy, Maskiri chose to dwell on issues which are far - fetched and rare because these are isolated incidents for a man to use a crow bar to discipline his wife. Our society already regards promiscuity in marriage as a social ill but those are not stories which one can hear everyday so there is no reason for emphasizing them. - Hutsinye - can not be said to be social commentary because the advice is on the negative side of life, already because he trivializes life. In hip - hop music, singing about violence is a way of protest against the mainstream society. However in Zimbabwe one can not protest against a society which already abhors violence. What Maskiri is upholding is the American culture, what he forgets is that American musicians are doing this for a reason.

According to Richardson ( 2002: 34 ):

- America ' s urban centers in general and low - income minority communities in particular are replete with poverty, police brutality, drug abuse, educational inequality, high drop out rates and violence. The very governmental and social systems theoretically established to protect the poor have engendered distrust. A sense of powerlessness to change conditions grounded in complex social political and economic issues has led artists to seek ways to express their discontent. Rap music became a cathartic outlet -.

In the case of America musicians, rap music becomes a form of social commentary. Tupac became victim of the very violence he depicted in his music thereby becoming a rap icon. While violence is part of many black youths who grow up in urban slums, the case is different from here in Zimbabwe. According to Stokes ( 1994: 2 ) music is not a thing, which happens in society, a society can also be usefully conceived as something which happens in music. In Maskiri ' s music there is no concept of society. Music should evoke collective memories and present experiences of place with intensity, power and simplicity unmatched by any other social activity. It also organizes hierarchies of a moral and political order ( Stokes 1994: 3 ). Music becomes socially meaningful because it can provide means by which people recognize identities and sometimes to make distinctions between - us - and - them -. Music should therefore make us different from other people. Though there are socially relevant points of intersection points of departure should be clearly shown.

There is an over - representation of the criminal aspects of black American youth culture in music of many urban grooves musicians like Maskiri and Nasty - Trix among others. There is misrepresentation of black youth in Zimbabwe, they neglect the young Zimbabwean youth who just goes to church with his grandmother, it ' s like as if each and every youth is doing it. There is no story about the positive aspects of black youth in Zimbabwe. They generalize issues without looking at other social truths. - In American black youth music, that ' s where you get the materialism, the guns, and the absolute die - hard mentality for meaningless things. So if you add all those things to the history of black people in general, then you get a very bad mix. Giant record companies have made huge profits selling ghetto culture to the American mainstream. The drug trade and violence is dominating the ghettos. Then you have corporate America that makes a ton of money off of the culture that dominates within the ghettos. This is unprecedented. That ' s the dominant reason why the music is the way it is -. ( http: / / www. africaresource. com

For Maskiri to glorify violence and drug taking in his music is like taking all what is bad in America and try to transplant it on our Zimbabwean society. Maskiri uses the criminal element in the music of Eminem, 50 Cent and many other hip - hop artists to market his music, yet in our African culture criminality is abhorred and looked down upon. In the end his music becomes meaningless to many Zimbabwean people, because one of the main functions of music is to educate but in this case music is used to promote anti - social behaviour. But then you have the - Cop Killer ' song by Ice - T and it ' s dangerous and threatening.

According to Rhymes ( 2007: 5 ), - corporate media continue to attempt to divert attention from long - established institutional sexism, in order to depict Black youth culture as the vector of the disease. The American reality is one of pervasive celebration of violence, in general, and violence against women, in particular. Black rappers, who are owned and controlled by white corporations, did not create this culture of violence and misogyny, but are made the scapegoats for a much deeper national social crisis - a landscape in which The Godfather and Goodfellas are revered as " classic " films -. What is a national crisis in America is just imported into the music of Maskiri to the extent that the difference between Maskiri and many a hip - hop musician is not clarified. Maskiri therefore becomes a cultural implant of American cultural values especially black American youths ' values. His music does not negotiate the difference between him and Eminem or 50 Cent. The problem with Maskiri is that he actually stereotypes Zimbabwean society as inherently violent, which is actually a gross exaggeration of socio - cultural values in our society. The misogyny, homophobia and glorified violence in American society and popular culture is being taken out of context by urban grooves musicians. - If anyone really wants to see rampant white sexual behavior, allthey have to do is to take a trip to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, or Padre Island, Texas, to see the corporate ( usually beer company ) sponsored wet t - shirt contests and strip shows for and by white college students, the de rigueur wild drunkenness and carefree drug use, let alone the promiscuous stranger pick - ups and sexual free - for - alls back at the hotels. This involves mostly white late - teen and 20 - something kids - male and female -. ( ) " >http: / / www. africaresource. com> ) For Maskiri to glorify sex especially in the song - Zimhamha ' ( Sugar Mummy ), is a pure imitation of American culture where sex is talked of openly.

4. 2. 2 PROMISCUITY, SEX AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

In our African societies promiscuity is not encouraged especially for married women, it becomes a moral evil. It should not be taken for granted, therefore that people are promiscuous. However, this different in the music of Maskiri. Promiscuity becomes part and parcel of normal life and he encourages it. In the song - Mbira dzaMaskiri -, he sings:

- Vamwe varume vanondivenga ( Some men hate me )

Nokuti vanoziva kuti ndinovatorera vakadzi vavo ( Because they know I take away their wives from them -. )

While it is true that one can be hated for proposing love to one ' s wife, yet it is socially deplorable for one to blame a married man for being angry when his wife is committing adultery. It defies all logic that Maskiri has the guts to say that he is hated because he is being adulterous with someone ' s wife. In Maskiri ' s music, what is normal is subverted and turned upside down. In all cultures, marriage is scared. For one to make fun of an issue which is the locus point of any community in the world is a gross distortion of social reality. Maskiri ' s music elicits gross immaturity. It is actually a taboo in society for one to go around claiming to be in a relationship with somebody ' s wife. The theme of Eminem ' s song - Stan - also revolves around promiscuity and he says:

- I never knew my father neither He always used to cheat on my mom an beat her - ( Curtain Call album: 2005 )

This actually happened as he shows on his autobiographical film - 8 miles -. However, in Maskiri ' s case, he places himself as the center of attention, always being the clever guy who - takes - other people and always gets away with it. While this kind of fantasy appeals to the younger generation, risky and socially unacceptable behaviour is never part f our cultural identity.

It is far too simplistic to portray artists, as perpetrators of behaviours deemed socially deviant without placing the artists and their life experiences context. Rap music is one example and expression of the culture of violence. One of the reasons why rap music has captured the attention of youths worldwide across distinctions of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic class and catapulted its progenitors to wealth is because of teen identification with lyrics that appear to be grounded in the features of adolescent identity development. Youths look for models to shape their behaviour and values. ( Cavallaro 2002: 34 ). Given the hours of exposure to real and fictitious characters engaging in violence, violent escapades and anti - social behaviour some people come to believe violence is not only - normal - but also admirable. His role models are mainly Western musicians. Maskiri says he gets inspiration from the likes of Nas, Escobar, Mob Deep and Extra Large. ( The Herald 24 January 2004 ) This raises important issues about identity.

Even though one should understand that Maskiri is singing of violence in the context of - life situations in Zimbabwe '. - I sing about what people are afraid of speaking - ( The Sunday Mail: 12 June 2005 ). However, when he says in the song - Mbira dzaMaskiri -.

- Ini ndinotopenga, miyedzo ndinotoilavha ( I am very crazy, and I really love temptations )

Ende ndinotopenga, kuuraya munhu handitomboramba ( I am really mad, I won ' t refuse to kill a person - )

this is not what people fear to say, but is very unnecessary to be said. Many people kill for money but there is no point in glorifying it. According to Fred Zindi ( interview: 12 May 2007 ) for Maskiri to glorify violence is going against the virtues of our society, to have - unhu -, in the end his music becomes meaningless to our people in society. Maskiri promotes life on the negative side. Maskiri has evil arrogance. What we can end up having is a society without any moral and ethical values. Maskiri fantasizes a lawless society just like Tupac who considered himself an - outlaw -. In his song - Outlaw ' he sings

- Outlaw, Outlaw, Outlaw ( They came in to sin ) Outlaw, Outlaw, Outlaw ( Dear God, I wonder could you save me? ) [Tupac] Before I close my eyes I fantasize I ' m livin well when I awake and realize I ' m just a prisoner in hell Just as well, cause in my cell I ' m keepin pictures of these bastards Excersisin, visualizin, everyone inside a casket Picture me blasted, surrounded by niggaz in masks Sent with the task to harass and murder my ass Will I last? Heaven or Hell? Freedom or jail? Shit ' s hard, who can you tell? And if we fail? High speeds, and thai weed on the freeway When will they learn to take it easy? Uh Drivebys and niggaz die, murder without a motive by making mother * * * * * * * fry Got me runnin from these coward - a * * crooked - a * * cops Helicopters tryin to hover over niggaz til we drop ot no time for the courts, my only thought is open fire Hit the district attorney, but f * * * that bitch, cause she ' s a lie -

In trying to rebel against society ' s values, Maskiri risks loss of identity in his music. Most of his music is just fantasy. By using the first person - I -, Maskiri emphasizes individualism rather than community. Maskiri speaks at individual level rather than at society, he can not be the voice of the voiceless. In trying to be different from his own society he becomes a pariah. In Zimbabwe we have a culture of respect and stability driven by beliefs, behaviors, habits, traditions, morals, and values To sing a song means to be understood, if his music cannot be understood, then it becomes meaningless. Individualism itself is part of American culture. Most hip - hop artists use the first person - I - in their music as a symbol of individualism and freedom of expression. While it is not wrong to use the pronoun - I - in his music, the problem comes when the pronoun - I - alienates him from his cultural values. When Maskiri says:

( - Miyedzo ndinoilavha - ) - I love temptations -,

He is speaking on behalf of himself than of his society. According to Chezet ( 2007: 87 ) promiscuity is a social ill in America just as anywhere in the world, but in hip - hop music promiscuity is always associated with the pleasures of secrecy, outwitting somebody and the ideology of rebelling against what society values. According to Sollonzo ( 2007: 95 ) rebellion itself is part of American culture, the American Republican government marketed Eminem and his music in the Middle East thereby making him a cultural icon and making rebellion part of America youths ' values. While rebellion against cultural values can be fashionable in countries like America, here in Zimbabwe our cultural values are still intact. According to Rose ( 1994: 36 ),

- Some musicians are overwhelmed by the consciousness of other music they struggle to make any sense of them and incorporate them, in the end they make the whole thing complex and difficult to understand. The idea of the pleasure of unexpected juxtapositions sometimes serves the purpose of achieving meaningless.. -

Maskiri shocks people by some of the issues he sings about because they are too secular to be understood by everyone. Our Zimbabwean society is predominantly composed of mainly Christians and those who believe in African traditional religion ( Kusangaya 1984: 37 ). Both groups ' values do not promote promiscuity. Maskiri seems to live in his own world. In response to accusations of singing about issues far removed from our cultural identity Maskiri defended himself saying:

- In my music, I always try to be different, my style is unique -. I shock people by singing what they do not expect. I am tired of the songs of praise, I sometimes look at the other side of life especially the tingling sensation and joy of doing what many people think is bad ( The Standard: 13 July 2005 ).

However, in trying to be different Maskiri loses his cultural setting. The setting of what he sings about happens is in his head only. Even though, his music carries the contradictory tendencies of society as a whole. People think different things and nobody can blame them. According to Hall and Jefferson ( 2006: 87 ), subcultures always borrow from the dominant cultures, inflecting and inverting its signs to create a bricolage in which signs of the dominant culture are there and recognizable as such, but constituting a new and different whole. This is what Maskiri ' s music is like. In trying to be unique, Maskiri is consciously reproducing the dominant ideologies of the culture of other people. It may not be his fault because most of the youths were socialized in a society very much influenced by global images in televisions and on Internet and movies do the same. However, his freedom of speech becomes too much as it goes over cultural boundaries of acceptance. While American youths especially those who are poor, get money through gangsterism, Maskiri points out the bad in our society especially witchcraft. So many stories of people who use goblins have appeared in the newspapers, so goblins become a reality of Shona cultural belief. In his songs - Madam Mombeshora ', - Hutsinye ' ( Cruelty ) and - Zimhamha ' ( Sugar mummy ), Maskiri promotes violence against women, in which women are seen as sexual objects, the main theme is about sex with a sugar mummy ( Zimhamha ). While in our society, promiscuity is not condoned Maskiri actually promotes it. This makes him to be no different from the likes of Justin Timberlake in their songs especially his hit song - Sexy Back ' which goes on like this:

- I ' m bringing sexy back Them other boys don ' t know how to act I think your special what ' s behind your back So turn around and I ' ll pick up the slack Them other f * * kers don ' t know how to act Come let me make up for the things you lack Cause you ' re burning up I gotta get it fast! - Or, there ' s other song lyrics, - She ' s hopped up on me Her body ' s pressed up on me I think she ' s ready to blow Baby all you gotta do is Just tell me which way you like that. - Or, - She ' s freaky and she knows it / She ' s freaky and I like it. - Or, - Well I ' mma freak you right, each and every night. -

Some of the songs which are sexually explicit and denigrate women are - Can You Control Yo Hoe - and - Break a Bitch Til I Die, - by Snoop Dogg, formerly Snoop Doggy Dogg. In Zimbabwean youth like the likes of Maskiri this can be the result of advertising seen on many commericials from America and Europe, many of the commercial adverts which assert patriarchal attitudes and debase women. Sex is romanticized and appealing such that many youths in third world countries wish they could also do it in their respective countries, hence the likes of Maskiri are coming up with this kind of lyrical obscenity.

4. 2. 3CONSUMERISM AND MATERIALISM

According to Sollonzo ( 2007: 34 ) - The late 1990s saw the rise in popularity of the " bling bling " lifestyle in rap music, focusing on symbols of wealth and status like money, jewelry, cars, and clothing. Although references to wealth have existed since the birth of hip hop, the new, intensified " bling bling " culture has its immediate roots in the enormously commercially successful late - to - mid nineties work ( specifically, music videos ) of Puff Daddy and Bad Boy Records as well as Master P ' s No Limit Records. However, the term was coined in 1999 ( see 1999 in music ) by Cash Money Records artist B. G. on his single Bling Bling, and the Cash Money roster were perhaps the epitome of the " bling bling " lifestyle and attitude.

Though many rappers, mostly gangsta rappers, unapologetically pursue and celebrate bling bling, others, mostly artists outside of the hip hop mainstream, have expressly criticized the idealized pursuit of bling bling as being materialistic - The sometimes egotistic and degenerate attitudes often portrayed in the lyrics and videos of certain hip hop artists have shown negative effects on some of their idolizing fans especially in the music of urban grooves musicians. One can give the example of Xtra Large, who said their music is similar to that of hip - hop artists because they grew up listening to many Rhythm and Blues musicians like Tupac, Dr Dre among others.

A simple look at the cover of their album " Small House " will confirm that. While the attitudes of specific artists certainly do not represent the rest of the hip hop or urban grooves community, however the effect of lyrical content on youths who are part of the hip hop acculturation is debatable, very often such youths adopt the much glamourized " gangsta " persona while not being members of any gang. Often these personas incite anti - social behavior such as peer harassment, neglect towards education, rejection of authority, and petty crimes such as vandalism. While the majority of listeners are able to distinguish entertainment from lessons in social conduct, an evident pseudo - gangsta sub - culture has risen amongst many urban grooves youths.

Since the mid - 1980s rap music has greatly influenced both black and white culture in North America. Much of the slang of hip - hop culture, including such terms as - dis, fly, def, chill, and wack ', have become standard parts of the vocabulary of a significant number of young people of various ethnic origins. Many rap enthusiasts assert that rap functions as a voice for a community without access to the mainstream media. According to advocates, rap serves to engender self - pride, self - help, and self - improvement, communicating a positive and fulfilling sense of black history that is largely absent from other American institutions. The glamour and - bling bling ' that is shown in many videos of urban grooves musicians is a reminder of its origin in hip - hop music in America.

Kanye West ' s album, " College Drop Out ", has a track called " Breathe in, Breathe Out ". During the song West rhymes:

Golly more of that bullshit ice rap I got to apologize to Mos ( Def ) and ( Talib ) Kweli But is it cool to rap about gold If I told the world I copped it from Ghana and Mali? First ni * * a with a Benz and a backpack Ice chain, Cartier lens, and a napsack Always said if I rapped I ' d say something significant But now I ' m rappin ' ' bout money, hoes, and rims again And it ' s still about the Benjamins ( College Drop Out: 2003 )

These lyrics exemplify urban life in Black American communities, all across America. Kanye is not actually taking a stand against materialism but he is highlighting it.

4. 2. 4 REBELIOUSNESS AND NORMLESSNESS

According to Firth ( 1987: 149 ), what music can do is to put into play a sense of identity that may or may not fit well the way we are put by other social facts. The culture of hip - hop has become the nexus from which the youth, particularly lower income black youngsters can create their values, define their selfhood, and express their heightened consciousness of violence and its implications against a social backdrop that has historically devalued colour and contributions of black people ( Smithermann: 1997: 56 ) Violence, misogyny, and drug - use are all part of the gangster mentality of many black American youths. These kind of lyrics are associated with the likes of Ice - T who sang - Cop Killer '. Tupac Shakur says in his song, " Loyal to the game "

" I got some killas on my payroll and they know When its time to handle business nigga lay low Although I ' m young I ' m still comin up I ' m gettin paid pullin razors on niggas when they runnin up The first to pull the strap when theres drama Buster you ain ' t heard? I been slicin motherfuckers since I lost my mama There ain ' t a cop that can stop me My posse is cocky and they don ' t wait until they drop me I ' m loyal to the game I do my thing respect my hustle I ain ' t playin ( Nigga I ' m loyal to the game ) You get in my way and I cock and pop that thing ( Man I ' m loyal to the game ) If you know what I know then you know I ain ' t playin ( I ' m loyal to the game ) Nigga get in my way and I ' ll blow out your brain " ( Loyal To The Game: 2004 )

However, Maskiri is different from the likes of Tupac because his lyrics are a bit toned down. Maskiri ' s lyrics are not as dangerous and threatening as those of the likes of Eminem, Ice - T, Tupac or 50 Cent. When Maskiri sings about drugs, it would be not - so - harmful drugs like mbanje / marijuana. When many rap musicians sing about drugs, they would be referring to very dangerous drugs like cocaine and heroin. In the above song by Tupac, the tone is serious and this leaves one with the feeling that he had the capability to do it. The problem with Maskiri is that one never knows whether he means what he is singing or not. What is supposed to be humour is just juxtaposed with seriousness. In the song, - Mbira dzaMaskiri ', he sings:

" Ndine chikwambo chiri paden, chinodimbura misoro yevanhu ( I have got a goblin at my house which cut people ' s heads )

Saka tobva tanotengesa kana kuchinjisa kuJoza ( For sale or exchange in Jo ' burg )

ndinotamba njuga pamwechete nokusvuta fodya ( I gamble, together with smoking )

Kana ari mukadzi, ndinoita muprofita wenhema ( If it ' s a woman I pretend to be a prophet )

Murume wacho ndikamuvhoisira anozochema ( If I threaten the husband, he can cry )

Ndikamutema nebhodhoro, anosonwa mastich ( If I hit him with a bottle, he will be stitched ( on the wound )

Ndotanga kumuseka, ndine freedom of speech ( Then I laugh at him, I have got freedom of speech )

Vakomana vamazuva ano havazi bho - o, ava makwayi ane nguwo dzewaya ( The youths of today are not alright, they are sheep in clothes of wire )

Vanoshereketa, vanemisikanawa, kana vabereki havachateerera ( They are wayward, they do not even listen to their parents " )

In this way Maskiri is true to his context, he does not refer to any guns. He uses the pronoun - I ' to refer to some social issues in society, of men who pretend to be prophets in order to lure women into sex. The use of goblins is part of the witchcraft associated with our culture, but Maskiri ' s message is lost in bragging about all this, such that it becomes meaningless to listen to music which concentrates on negative social issues considering that his target in his music are the youth. By encouraging rape of women, his music lacks any moral, ethical or social values of our society. One of the functions of music is to educate, yet Maskiri ' s music is the epitome of the gross exaggeration about our cultural values. In the skit, he says

- Madzihwa promotions inokupakurirai live bash kumba kwaMaskiri ( Madzihwa promotions present to you a live bash at Maskiri ' s house )

Pfambi, hwahwa, zvose zvinenge zviriko,.. tuvana twechikoro, hwahwa ) ( Prostitutes, beer, all will be there,... school children, beer )

Mbanje, mapiritsi anodhaka ( Marijuana and intoxication pills - )

In the skit, Maskiri lists all social ills and encourages people to participate in them. This is a vain attempt at uniqueness and controversy by the artist. Maskiri tries to discredit his music by singing nonsense. He is no different from Eminem who sings in an almost identical way in hios song, - Role model '

- I came to the club with a fake ID Don ' t you wanna grow up to be just like me! I ' ve been with 10 women who got HIV Now don ' t you grow up to be just like me I got genital warts and it burns when I pee ' ( Encore: 2004 )

By singing all aspects of anti - social behaviour, Maskiri and Eminem are just trying to sell their music by being unconventional. This shows a cynical attitude to life prevalent among many, a hip - hop artist. Many artists are like children, and most will say and do what is not expected of them in order to benefit financially. There is definite self - examination that needs to take place within the artist community, the lion ' s share of the blame falls also on the enablers who only empower voices of negativity. Their music is hedonistic, a doctrine holding that behavior is motivated by the desire for pleasure and the avoidance of pain. There is absence of any commitment to kids or family - thugs just don ' t really care, this is the kind of behaviour one sees in the music of Maskiri.

But truth of the matter is that people want to be loved. Even 50 Cent says: - I want them to love me like they loved Tupac. But we loved Pac because he was a conflicted soul that represented the war of Armageddon going on inside of our own minds. Sometimes he was for the Black freedom struggle ( " Changes " ) and sometimes he was the antithesis of it ( " America ' s Most Wanted " ). Sometimes he was for Black women ( " Keep Ya Head Up " ) and the next thing you know, we were all groupie bitches that just wanted him for sex or money ( " I Get Around " ). But I know that Tupac wanted to be loved and he knows that somebody did love him ( " Dear Mama " ). ( www. africaresource. com )

Maskiri wants to be loved and appreciated by people, just as they do in America, but he forgets that, in Africa, our music is always rooted in our way of life, and what he sings about is not our way of life.

In many of his songs, Maskiri encourages promiscuity, and many issues which the society considers social ills. His song ' Mbira dzaMaskiri ', goes on like this:

- ini ndinotopenga, ende miyedzo ndinotoilavha handitomboramba - varume vanondivenga vanoziva kuti ndinovatorera vakadzi vavo Tuma - underage ndinotunyenga -

( - I am crazy and I love temptations I wont refuse - men who hate / jealousy me know that I take away their wives I propose love even to the under - aged... - )

P> Such are the lyrics of Maskiri, such that many think he is a cultural misfit. In our Shona culture, promiscuity is not encouraged and it is a taboo to propose love to a married woman. However, here Maskiri projects this as a point of pride, which everybody must emulate. The point Maskiri is making is that he does not care for other people ' s feelings which is in sync with the spirit of individualism projected by many an American artist. When he says: - tuma under - age ndinotunyenga - ( I propose love even to the under - aged ), this shows the immaturity of an artist who want to make sense of nonsense. In this case, proposing love to the under - aged means literally sleeping with young girls, which is called statutory rape under the law. He is trying to be an outlaw, since he knows that it is something not allowed under the Zimbabwean law. He seems trying to be an outlaw of the model of the likes of Tupac Shakur. Sometimes it baffles the mind that Maskiri would literally complain that men are jealousy of his prowess in getting their wives. These are some of the American values that are reflected in our urban grooves music today. According to Salifor ( 2005: 34 ), some White men actually exchange wives for a few days just for the fun of it. However in the Zimbabwean cultural context this is a taboo. One is left with the feeling that what Maskiri is singing is hardly real, just fantasy. This - I - do - what - I - want ' attitude is also found in the music of Eminem, this idea of being a cultural rebel and expressing yourself in any way. It becomes music for music ' s sake. The anti - social - The way I am - by Eminem goes like this:

- I ' m not Mr. N ' Sync, I ' m not what your friends think I ' m not Mr. Friendly, I can be a prick If you tempt me my tank is on empty ( is on empty ).. No patience is in me and if you offend me I ' m liftin you 10 feet ( liftin you 10 feet ).. in the air I don ' t care who is there and who saw me destroy you Go call you a lawyer, file you a lawsuit I ' ll smile in the courtroom and buy you a wardrobe I ' m tired of arguin ' ( of arguin ' ).. I don ' t mean to be mean but that ' s all I can be is just me - ( CurtainCall: 2005 )

The music of both Eminem and Maskiri enunciates a language of radical social critique and the idea of always being a public enemy, just being against everyone. However in Zimbabwe, those issues are out of context since hip - hop music is rooted in the cultural tradition of being dispossessed and express anger at the perceived enemy. Maskiri use the hip - hop ideology of the likes of Eminem and Tupac of being against everything and everyone.

However, one can not simply dismiss Maskiri ' s music as mere hogwash. His music has a cultural setting in Zimbabwe and he sings about what is happening in Zimbabwe, only that he borrows a foreign style in critiquing the characteristics of the social life of many Zimbabweans nowadays. a language of radical social critique, in the spirit of Public Enemy.

4. 3 INFLUENCE OF WESTERN HIP - HOP MUSIC

Maskiri has always been accused of imitating Eminem in his music especially on the use of obscenities, their unlimited freedom of expression, utter disregard for society ' s values and denigration of women.

4. 3. 1 Use of obscenities in the language of Maskiri and Eminem

In their music, both Eminem and Maskiri use vulgar language. Probably it is a way of marketing their music. Many musicians feel they can justify the use of obscenities by putting an explicit language tag which reads: - Musateerera nevabereki zvinonyangadza - on the sleeve of the albums but many people still feel its wrong for radio stations to play music with explicity language. Some of the music used by the likes of Maskiri denigrates women especially the song - Zimhamha - ( Sugar Mummy ) where he says:

- Uri mwana Maskiri ( You are too young Maskiri )

Zvemakore hazvina basa sugar mummy x 2 ( Age doesn ' t matter )

Rudo injuga semakasi ( Love is a form of gambling )

Ndiri zimhamha - a - a Zi sugar mummy ( I am a sugar - mummy, A big sugar mummy )

Chembere mukadzi hazvienzani nehanzvadzi ( An old woman is a better than my own sister )

Zviri nani sugar mummy mukaita rangu gadzi ( It ' s better for you sugar mummy to become my wife )

Ndoita bhuru, imi moita mombe hadzi ( I will be the bull and you will be the heifer. - )

In this song, Maskiri uses obscene language not expected in society. By promoting sexual intercourse with older women ( sugar - mummy ) Maskiri goes against the norms and values of society. According to Gelfand ( 199: 38 ) the issue of young women ad men being involved with older men and women came with urbanization and the so - called modernity. In Shona societies, children are taught good manners from a young age.

According to Mutsvairo ( ed ) ( 1996: 52 ) - High morality is upheld in indigenous African homes and societies. People are encouraged to do - good ' and chastised for - wrong ' doing. The culturally defined - goodness ' in indigenous African societies include undertaking errands with pleasure, upholding the spirit of industry, cherishing - truth ' having respect for life and properly constituted authority, promoting honesty, integrity, accountability, responsibility, hospitality, selflessness, virtuousness, generosity, reciprocity, neatness and courage -.

In Shona societies sex, which is the basis for continuity of life, is given a sacred place in marriage. However, in the music of Maskiri sex is taken as a form pleasure without any clear purpose. According to Masasire in Mutsvairo ( 1996: 53 ) in Shona culture a girl should not allow a man to touch her shoulders, and neither should the same happen to a boy. It is a taboo. Those morals are reinforced with folktales. Such is the warning of society. However, in the song - Zimhamha - ( Sugar mummy ), it is actually Maskiri who negotiates for sex. The language used by Maskiri is full of sexual undertones and metaphors referring to sex like when he sings:

- Ndoita bhuru, imi moita mombe hadzi - ( I will be the bull and you become the heifer. )

In our society, talking about sex is a cultural taboo. It cannot be said so easily just like that. As part of cultivating - unhu - good personality there is actually what is called sex education. Being taught sexual tactics by a sugar - mummy is out of our cultural context. - Unhu - is attained by one ' s plausible performance of one ' s roles in society. In singing about sex Maskiri depicts lack of - unhu - ( good cultural manners ).

Maskiri is actually trying to be like Eminem who sings about killing his wife and uses unprintable words in his lyrics especially in his song - Just Don ' t Give A F * * * where he says:

- Go run and tell your friends my s * * is wack I just don ' t give a f * * * But see me on the street and duck Straight From The Lab EP: 2004 )

In using sexually explicit language Maskiri is actually copying Eminem. However, most of the explicitness of his language is hidden in the use of metaphors and symbols, which refer to sex. In almost all of his songs, Eminem always uses the words - f * * * or motherf * * * -. The idea of a society, which does not respect women and sees them as sexual objects is foreign. Maskiri also uses sexually explicit language in his song - Madam Mombeshora - even though one can urge that Maskiri ' s language in his music is not sexually explicit but sexually suggestive. He does not use many of the words the likes of Eminem or most hip - hop artists use. Even though, Maskiri talks of love which is sexual in its nature, instead of agape love advocated by many in society. His kind of love can be said to be narcissistic - excessive love or admiration of oneself; a psychological condition characterized by self - preoccupation, lack of empathy, and unconscious deficits in self - esteem.

Both Maskiri and Eminem are deemed controversial by their societies. This is so because of their radical lyrics with focus on anti - social behaviour. Besides, they concur on themes like violence, promiscuity, treatment of women as sexual objects and individualization. Their use of language as a tool for gross self - expression is also one remarkable similarity in their music particularly their use of vulgar and obscenities.

Apart from the above similarities one can also find out that some titles of songs by Eminem is similar to the titles of songs by Maskiri. For example the song - Evil Deeds - by Eminem is similar to Maskiri ' s - Mabasa Erima - ( Works of the dark world ) in the Shona language. Eminem mentions other artists in his music, mainly as a way to diss them especially in the song - My name is -, where he signs:

- But I can ' t figure out which Spice Girl to impregnate And Dr Dre said - Slim Shady you a base head - Curtain Call: 2005 )

Maskiri does the same though in a neutral tone, in the song - Ndakafa - ( I died ) where he says

- VaElias Musakwa ndakasangana nemumwe musikana ( Mr Elias Musakwa, I met this girl MaJo ' burg )

Elias Musakwa is a respected Church Pastor in Zimbabwe.

In the skit - Christian FM -, Maskiri actually pokes fun at Pastor Stanley Gwanzura who is a gospel singer when he says -:

VOICE OF DJ: Ende nziyo dzenyu dzinoti maslang ( And your songs are full of slang )

Maskiri replies: Unoziva chi - i, ukabvunza Pastr G - String Mwari, so ( You know what, even if you ask Pastor G - String, God so )

Mwari - e - vanonzwa zvose zvaunosasa, even ( God hears everything you say, even )

Ukasasa nesign language ( if you speak in sign language. )

Attacking each other in songs, which are sung, is all part of American culture particularly in hip - hop music. In Zimbabwe, most artists do not use unveiled attacks on each other. It is never as clear as Maskiri shows it to be. While - Blue Movie - is the title of an album by Maskiri, the song - Scary Movie - by Eminem is similar due to the fact that they both refer to movies. And also the arrogance which is synonymous with Eminem is also evident in Maskiri especially in his real life. In his song - The way I am -, Eminem sings

- I ' m not Mr N ' Sync, I ' m not what your friends think I ' m not Mr Friendly, I can be a prick no patience is in me and if you offend me I ' m lifting you 10 feet in the air ' ( Curtain Call: 2005 )

This whole aspect of arrogance without any humility is part of Maskiri replied saying that, - people do not understand us, but it does not mean that I will stop what I am singing now, I will produce something even worse. That ' s our style and nothing can change that ( The Manica Post: 6 November 2006 ). This - I - can - do - anything - attitude - in the music of Maskiri is all part of hip - hop music, which emphasizes rebellion.

4. 4 RELIGION IN URBAN GROOVES MUSIC

There is the disregard for religion in hip - hop music. To Maskiri and Eminem their belief in Christianity is mixed with mockery for what Christian values point at. It seems they worship this act of individualism and arrogance. Street lingo is used to describe the greatness of God. Maskiri actually refers to God as - Dhara rangu - ( My dear old man ). Glory for God is always associated with materialism. In the song, - Criminal ( who you thought I was ) - Eminem sings:

- Right, Ken? Give me an Amen ( AAA - men ) Please Lord, this boy needs Jesus Heal this child, help us destroy these demons Oh and please send me a brand new car And a prostitute while my wife ' s sick in the hospital -

God is taken as someone who provides and the same God will even provide a prostitute and a brand new car. In his song - Mwari Ngaakoreswe - Maskiri mocks those who go to church and blames God for giving him eyes which are covetous. In the end Maskiri sings what most people believe is blasphemy. For example in the skirt - Christian FM - which is a form of an interview with a disc jockey on radio, Maskiri says:

- D. J. Brown: Zvamunonzi makaonekwa neshamwari yenyu vanonzi Pastor ani gara zviya? ( It is said you were seen together with your friend, what is the name of the Pastor by the way? )

Maskiri: G - String ( G - String )

DJ Brown: Makaonekwa muchihushapira nemazigadzi, nevanhu vakasarurama ( You were seen drinking together with some women, and people of bad moral reputation. )

Maskiri: Yaiva mvura yakasanganiswa, ndakadhailuta ( It was mixed water, diluted )

DJ Brown: Ndanzwa kuti mune collaboration yamuchaita naPastor Last. ( I heard that you have got a collaboration with Pastor Last. )

Maskiri: Pastor havadi kunamata, pamwe ndinotombovaudza kuti ( The Pastor doesn ' t want to pray, I sometimes tell him that ) handei kuchechi kunonamata, Hatichaita zvataisiita ( we need to go to church and pray, we no longer have the old habit ) zvekunwa hwahwa, mazifodya nemazigadzi ( of drinking beer, smoking and prostitution

DJ Brown: Ndinofunga mafara pano paChristian FM, wenyu I believe you enjoyed here at Christian FM, yours

Mr Brown.

This shows Maskiri ' s lack of a philosophy in his life. He courts controversy, just for the sake of being controversial. He goes to church and at the same time is a drunkard, and actually invites Pastors to church. While it is true that there are some people who are hypocritical Maskiri justifies drinking and justifies going to church in the same way condemns going to church and condemns also drinking beer. In the end, his music lacks any forms of rational meaning, just being against everything and yet doing everything. Even though, this is a reminder to the hypocrisy of some members of our society who lack direction in their lives, whereby good and evil is all part of the normal processes of life.

While Christianity is not part of African traditional religion, it extols the same virtues as our African traditional culture. Gelfand ( 1973: 82 ) lists the virtues of African religion especially the Shona culture as, truth ( kutaura chokwadi ), humility ( kuzvidukupisa ) love ( rudo nechido ) sympathy ( tsitsi ) self - discipline ( kuzvibata ) to forgive ( kuregerera ) pity ( urombo nenyasha ) and rectitude ( ururami ) among other things